Chapter 1 to 5 Family Resources Management – Flashcards
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Family Resource Management
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understanding decisions individuals and families make about development and allocating resources
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types of resources
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time, money, material assets, energy, friends, neighbors, space and goals
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the identification of resources to meet specific needs is guided by what three things?
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culture, availability, and accessibility
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decision making process: rational
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has long lasting impact on the family involving alternatives, assessing consequences, estimating risk/uncertainty, determining value of consequences and selecting action example: education or medical decisions
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decision making process: bureaucratic
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low risk and uncontested decisions that are habitual example: grocery shopping
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decision making process: political
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produce outcomes that are related to power of the individuals within in the group example: parents deciding to relocate
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5 step decision model: first step
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recognize need
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5 step decision model: second step
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identify alternatives
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5 step decision model: third step
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evaluate alternatives
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5 step decision model: fourth step
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select and implement alternatives
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5 step decision model: fifth step
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reflect and evaluate selected alternative
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what contexts are families influenced by?
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history, culture, and environment
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context of history
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families change and how they manage resources changes as history eveolves. role of women, social aspects, work force, war, terrorist attacks, recession and economic depression
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context of environment
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availability and accessibility of resources greatly influences how resources are used and managed.
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context of culture
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culture and diversity have an impact on identification, use, and production of material and human resources example: family experience
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worldview according to kluckkhon and strodbeck
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a framework for comparing and contrasting the different value systems between different cultural groups
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orientation: human nature
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belief system that informs decision making evil, mix of evil and good, and good
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orientation: man and nature
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are humans subjugated, in harmony, or have mastery over nature?
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orientation: time
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look into the past by studying or practicing past rituals, look into present by focusing on immediate, or look into future by planning, preparing and investing in future
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orientation: human activity
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living for today, focus becoming, or focus on accomplishments
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orientation: human relations
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lineal (traditional), collaborative (team work), and individualistic (myself)?
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the most basic unit of society is _____
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family
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types of family: democratic family
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modern family- bread winning husband, house wife, children (1900's-1960s)
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types of family: companionate family
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married due to love (20th century)
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types of family: postmodern family
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families at this time in history are diverse
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types of family: traditional nuclear family
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implies husband wife and children are in one home
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legal system defines family as
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linked by marriage, blood, or adoption
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life insurance policy defines family as
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spouse or child
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to get ssc benefits you need
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marriage certificate, divorce papers, and/or dependent children ssc number
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yorburgs mutual definition of family
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when people define themselves as family, essentially they are family
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for a family to function they need to
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have a sense of belonging, emotional security, socialization, and physical and emotional needs
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national marriage project founded that
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less children, more divorce, less marriages, no fathers, more fragile
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cultural contexts include
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race, ethnicity, religion, politics, economics, and technology
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quantitative data
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collected w instrument, searching for correlation, and using number
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qualitative data
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the researcher is the instrument, pattern, words or descriptions
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family systems theory/perspective
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when something happens to one family member, all are affected. ( + )focuses on interconnectionism ( - ) is that this approach assumes all member are active
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social exchange theory/perspective
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( + ) focuses on individual resources and the bartering of the resources while explaining power bases within families ( - ) becomes problematic when analyzing role of children
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symbolic interactionism theory/perspective
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views families as unique and self created units ( + ) combines social and psychological concepts ( - ) lessens generalization of research findings
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conflict theory/perspective
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(+) recognizes that conflict is normal and expected (-)challenges the view of families as stable social units
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feminist theory/perspective
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+ incorporates women's views and experiences - isolates role of female and male
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family ecological theory/perspective
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change and growth occur through experiences with outside systems + links family experiences to environment - complex
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family strengths theory/perspective
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focuses on whats working well - difficult with nontraditional family structures
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management
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(2006) set an example and provide clear guidance to your staff, control the finances of the family carefully, strive for order and method in all management activities
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Fayol (1949) proposed four key concepts of management
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plan, organize, lead and control
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era one (1900-1930)
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WWI, great depression, and start of WWII business: humanize industry, concerned with goals of organization home: creation of high school and university programs on meal planning, cleaning and cooking
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era two (1940-1950)
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WWII, economy better business: invention and production of goods at high, product development and marketing popular home: young family household, consumption mode, product development, women more involved
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era three (1950-1960)
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riots, civil rights, women's rights business: corporate culture, employers create norms, expectations and communication home: family resource management, goals, decision making, organizations
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era four (1970-1980)
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end of Vietnam war, hate of war, political disagreement business: protecting and empowering employees, quality control home: vocational skills, food and nutrition, clothing and textiles, family economics
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contemporary movement
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business: improvement with technology, depersonalizing employees, family impacts work home: family and consumer science, family ecology, how employment affects family
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management of family: time management
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in american culture time is a commodity: it can be measured, kept, saved, and wasted... planning, scheduling, and prioritizing are key concepts for families
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management of family: family planning
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ability to plan and control timing of pregnancy and birth create behavioral and cultural shifts, when how and how many births are family decisions and family size
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management of family: dependent care
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availability, adequacy, and expenses families that choose to have children increase the need for resource management, working parents need child care availability and working adults also have to arrange care for their parents
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management of family: financial
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families must manage the flow of resources into and out of the family unit to maintain its needs of the group.
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Payne (1998) finical management
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financial stable families focus on long term, middle class focus on short term savings and monthly cash flow, families in poverty focus on cash not on saving
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need
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necessity like food water and shelter
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secondary needs
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specific to needs for example: clean water
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want
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something you would like to have but is not essential
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maslows hierarchy : need1
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physiogical needs: like food shelter water sex and sleep
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maslows hierarchy : need 2
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safety and security: like employment, property, morality, physical health and safeness
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maslows hierarchy : need 3
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love and belonging: like friendship, family, sexual intimacy
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maslows hierarchy : need 4
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self esteem: like confidence, achievement, respect
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maslows hierarchy : need 5
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self actualization: like morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, open minded
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needs and wants are both determined by
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personal choice
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CREM model
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concept that consumers manage resources to meet their needs assuming that: consumers seek to manage resources that enable them to function more effectively (nutrition, relationships, money, intellect), individual differences will exist in level of importance, resources exist as part of interrelated/interdependent systems and time
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category of needs: economic
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Require an exchange of payment Money is used to exchange for basic and higher level needs and wants: Employment Inheritance Public assistance
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category of needs: physiological
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Food, water, and shelter plus health care Perception of good health is based on their desired needs/wants
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category of needs: psychological
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Coping and planning skills are essential to both the physical health and mental well-being of family members Self esteem Autonomy Competence
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category of needs: social
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impact one's ability to function in larger social groups; these needs reflect their relatedness with society
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changes perceptions of needs: circumstances
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internal, external, short term and long term
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changes perceptions of needs: personality
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desires, motivations, behaviors
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changes perceptions of needs: economic
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rise out of poverty, education, employment, socioeconomic status
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changes perceptions of needs: technology
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increase of available information, resource identification
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changes perceptions of needs: culture
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informs perceptions and priorities
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changes perceptions of needs: lifespan
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changes over time through experiences
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changes perceptions of needs: communal
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more common for women (social relationships)
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changes perceptions of needs: agentic
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more common for men (independence, control, self-motivation)
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needs assessment:
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Be representative of the population being served Be current Be used for the population intended Include information: culture, age, ethnicity, family structure, employment, health etc. Clear understanding of the problems and accessibility
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Planned or artificial obsolescence
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the need for change creates the need to buy the newest version / we are creating disposable society
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value (economic/consumer)
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a measurement of exchange: consumer feels they received a good turn
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Value (social/psychological)
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guiding principles of thoughts and behavior
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universal values
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assumed to be important principles across nations and ethnicities but difficult to agree upon on ex. human rights
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cultural values
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they are groups formal or informal set of beliefs of what's important
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framed in terms of what is right and wrong are often referred to as
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morals
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Kholberg proposed that
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humans develop a set of morals as they mature both socially and intellectually but doesn't assume that individuals go through each stage
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preconventional stage
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obedience and punishment; birth to 9 years old ; right and wrong determined by what they are punished for
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Conventional stage
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Interpersonal concordance; Most adolescents and adults; right and wrong determined by what the majority think it is
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Post conventional
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social contract; majority of adults; Right and wrong determined by personal values that can be over-ridden by laws that we can choose to ignore.
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Homogamy:
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Purposeful selection of mates from a pool that has similar characteristics to our own; most visible with regards to race, religion, social class - suggests that they have similar moral and value bases.
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family values
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used to discuss socioeconomic concepts pertaining to the family as a social institution
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Folbre uses love, obligation, and reciprocity to define a concept of a
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social institution
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values across a lifetime do what
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psychological constructs (such as values) that develop slowly over time become deeply ingrained in individuals and family units Experiences, cognitive dev., maturity, technology, inventions and discoveries can cause us to pause or reconsider
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attitudes
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Reflections of the values we hold; they can be learned and can change with experiences and education
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behaviors
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Choices made and actions taken by individuals and families that become important in the family decision-making process
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who explores the connections btw. Attitude and behavior
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fishbein and ajzen
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fishbein and ajzen connects attitudes w behavior by
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One's behavior can be predicted from intention Intentions can be predicted from one's attitude toward the behavior and one's perception of what others think one should do Attitude is a function of how one perceives the action's outcome will be received by others. Subjective Norm: belief about how people you care about will view the behavior in question.
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dupont says that
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actions are motivated by needs and values
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kurtinez and gewirts say that
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added situation to the mix- connection btw. attitude and behavior
