Chapter 1- Social Psychology – Flashcards
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Science that studies the influences of our situations, with special attention to how we view and affect one another- study how people think about, influence, and relate to one another
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Social Psychology
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How we perceive ourselves and other, what we believe, judgments we make, our attitudes
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Social Thinking
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culture, pressures to conform, persuasion, groups of people
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Social influence
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prejudice, aggression, attraction and intimacy, helping
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Social relations
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Personality
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Sondra is shy and hates giving speeches in class. This is an example of Sondra's behavior being influenced by:
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Biological, social
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Social neuroscience is a combination of which two perspectives?
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Construct, shape
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One major theme in social psychology is that humans ______ their social reality
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An interdisciplinary field that explores the neural bases of social and emotional processes and behaviors and how processes and behaviors affect brain and biology
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Social Neuroscience
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almost all aspects of our lives
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Social psychological principles have the ability to influence:
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Enduring behviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
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Culture
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Society's widely held ideas and values, including assumptions and cultural ideologies. Our representations help us make sense of our world
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Social Representation
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Tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out. Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
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Hindsight bais
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An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events
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Theory
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Testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events
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Hypothesis
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Effectively summarizes many observations, Clear predictions that are used to: Confirm or modify theory Generate new exploration Suggest practical applications
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Good Theory
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Done in natural, real-life settings outside the lab
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Field research
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Study of naturally occurring relationships among variables
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Correlational research
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Seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (constant)
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Experimental research
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Two variable correlate, any combination of three explantations is possible. Either may cause the other, or both may be affected by an underlying "third factor"
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Correlation and causations
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Survey procedure in which every person in population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion
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Random Sample
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Wording of questions, unrepresentative samples, order of questions, response options
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Select all the following that are considered raising influences when using survey research
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Casual relationships can be inferred, random assignment is possible
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Two major advantages of experimental research over correlational studies:
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Cause can be inferred
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A major advantage of experiments over correlational studies is:
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Equivalent
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Random assignment aims to create _______ groups
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Dependent variable
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In an experiment, the variable that is being measured is called the:
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Way a question or an issue is posed; framing can influence people's decisions and expressed opinions
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Framing
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Process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all person have the same chance of being in a given conditions
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Random assignment
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Experimental factor that a researcher manipulates
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Independent Variable
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Variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the independent variable
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Dependent Variable
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Repeating a research study, often with different participants in different settings, to determine whether a finding could be reproduced
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Replication
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Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations
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Mundane realism
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Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants
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Experimental realism
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In research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study's methods and purposes
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Deception
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An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
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Informed consent
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Post experimental explanation of a study to its participants. Usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regrading their understandings and feelings
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Debriefing
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R
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What letter is used to indicate a correlation coefficient?
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Biasing or biasing influences
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Order of questions, wording of questions, and response options are all considered __________
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It is the degree to which an experiment involves the participants, it may involve deception
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Which of the following are true about experimental realism?
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Demand characteristics
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Words the experimenter uses, one of the voice, and gestures that suffused how a participant should act are all examples of:
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Facts
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_______ are agreed-upon statements about what is observed
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Theory, and hypothesis
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An integrated set of predictions is a ______ and a testable proposition is a _________
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Lagged
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Time- _____ correlations reveal the sequence of events
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Control, random assignment
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The two essential ingredients of every social psychology experiment are ________ and ________
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Words the experimenter uses, tone of voice, and gestures that suggest how a participant should act
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Demand Characteristics
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Two levels of deliberate thinking, and intuitive thinking
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Dual processing
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Exaggerations
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Social Intuition
