Chapter 1 Learn Smart Flashcards

Name the general process of eliminating metabolic waste products from the body:

The term that indicates a single complete individual is:

Physiology of the nervous system

Physiology of hormones

Mechanisms of disease

Physiology of other animals

Benefits of a large sample size

list the levels of structural hierarchy in the body from least to most complex

The ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce changes in membrane voltage is known as

The _____ theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells

These criteria make for a good hypothesis

The inductive method allows one to make conclusions based on

The suffix _____ means "the study of".

A molecule, cell or organ that carries out a response to a stimulus is an

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a

The study of body structures is called

The structure that encloses a cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell is the

di-

epi-

endo-

hypo-

A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population over a period of time is called

A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an

Most medical terms are derived from what languages

The process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships

An educated guess that is capable of being tested and potentially falsified by experimentation or data collection is known as

Structure made by joining two or more different atoms

The study of the "function" of a biological organism

(T/F) The scientific method is an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially proved false by experimentation or data collection

Study of bodily structures that can be observed without magnification

A difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variable between one point and another is a

Purged eponyms from terminology and included only Latin terms. Devised in the late 1800s.

Included Latin and commonly used English terms. Devised in 1998.

A _____ is any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it.

The smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life

Name the benefits of a large sample size

A microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual function

A relatively stable internal environment in spite of greater changes in the external environment is known as

A verbal or mathematical description of a predictable natural phenomenon or of the relationship between variables is called

The smallest particle of matter with unique chemical properties

An explanatory statement, or set of statements, that concisely summarize the state of knowledge of a phenomenon and provides direction for further study

Information that can be independently verified by any trained person is a

When bodily changes are detected, responses are activated that reverse the change, restoring stability and preserving normal body functions. This occurs during

This provides a statement of probability that the experimental outcome was due to random variation.

These are examples of what: -contractions during childbirth -formation of a blood clot

The name for a cell or organ that is specialized to detect a stimulus, such as a taste cell or a rod or cone of the eye is a

T test and chi square analysis are examples of what

A self-amplyfing cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is known as

This is a dead human body that is used for dissection

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important ______ variations

Features that have evolved in response to environmental pressures and enable the organism to cope with challenges posed by its environment are called

The ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce changes in membrane voltage is known as

Name the person who is known for his theory of natural selection

Name the method of reasoning that begins with a hypothesis or question and then tries to answer that question

What comes next: Macromolecules, _____, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

These are examples of what: relatively less competition, rich supply of leaves and fruit, relative safety from predators

The type of receptor located in the heart, aortic arch, and carotid sinus that trigger autonomic reflexes in response to fluctuations in blood pressure are known as

These forces may serve as what: predators disease climate

The study of tissues, or groups of cells and their surrounding extracellular materials, is called

The term "PET" scan, which refers to a positron emission tomography scan, is an example of anatomical terminology that is describes as

In an experiment, the control group is unaltered, while the ______ group contains the variable being tested

This is a molecule, cell, or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus

A surgeon learning a procedure before practicing on humans or medical trials using animal research are examples of

Any molecule of large size and high molecular weight, such as protein, nucleic acid, or polysaccharide is described as a

Without the expenditure of energy, matter in a physiological gradient will always flow from a region of _____ concentration to a region of _____ concentration

Blood pressure is controlled by a _____ mechanism

A _____ review is the method of evaluatoin of results by other experts in that field

Name the smallest particle of matter with unique chemical properties

The term for the conscious or subconscious influence an experimenter may have on the interpretation of their data is

_____ equilibrium occurs when there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point

(T/F) As much as 30% of the human population can have variations in their anatomy

This is the process of transforming a cell with no specialized function into a cell with a specialized function

Name the process by which evolution works, that states that some individuals have hereditary advantage over their competitors

A _____ is the name of a substance with no significant effect on a subject's physiology bit is given to a control group that thinks they are being given the treatment

Organisms respond to _____ or changes in their environment

(T/F) The study of ultrastructure focuses on examining indiviual cells, but not thier internal components

The _____ method, as prescribed by Bacon, is a process of making numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them.

The integrating center of a feedback mechanism

The fact that some people lack certain organs is an example of

Greek physician who established a code of ethics and urged physicians to seek natural causes for disease

Identify the philosopher who believed that, not only could disease have supernatural causes, but natural causes as well, and argued that complex structures are built from a smaller variety of simple components

Name the Jewish physician who wrote 10 medical books and numerous books on disease

Descartes and _____ revolutionized the philosophy of science, arguing for a more systematic enterprise aimed at new discoveries.

Name the physician to the Roman gladiators who wrote on the anatomy of humans, based on his dissections of pigs, monkeys, and other animals.

Give the name for the adaptation of primates that allows for depth perception

Name the Englishman from the 1500s who is known for his study of physiology (especially of the heart)

______ surgery is the practice of diagnosing illness by opening the body

The Englishman who invented the modern compound microscope in the 1600s and observed plant cells was ____

Effects of a subject's state of mind on their physiology are known as _____ efect

A physician who is listening to your body is utilizing the diagnostic procedure known as

The study of how different species have solved physiological problems of life is known as _____ physiology

According to the section of chapter one that covers analyzing terms, the "duct of Santorini" is an example of a

The anatomist who was the first to publish an atlas of anatomy was

This is a branch of medicine that utilizes medical imaging technologies to explore the interior of the body

Name the "Galen of Islam" who's influential textbook was the leading authority in European medical schools for 500 years

Identify the method used to control experimental bias where neither the subject nor the person giving treatment and recording data know which subjects are receiving the treatment and which are receiving the placebo.

Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe ___

Identify 2 people who suggested that all organims were composed of cells

During a physical examination, percussion is often used. Percussion is