Chapter 1: Invention of Writing – Flashcards
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Petroglyph*
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Carved or scratched signs or simple figures on rock
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Pictograph*
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Elementary pictures or sketches that represent the things depicted
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Ideograph*
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Symbols to represent ideas or concepts
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2 natural by-products of the rise of the village culture in ancient Mesopotamia
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1. The ownership of property 2. Specialization of trades or crafts
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Cuneiform*
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Early wedge-shaped writing in Mesopotamia
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Purpose of Mesopotamian Cylinder Seals
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Provided a forgery-proof method for sealing documents & proving their authenticity
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Impact of the discovery of the Rosetta Stone*
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Allowed for the translation of hieroglyphs & to further unlock the mysteries of Egyptian history and culture
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3 contributions of Egyptian culture to graphic communications? What did these inventions trigger in the western world? *
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1. Hieroglyphics 2. Papyri 3. Illustrated manuscripts Triggered development of alphabet & graphic communications in Phoenicia and the Greco-Roman world
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Some of the earliest examples of visual communications known are the Paleolithic cave drawings found in
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The Lascaux caves in France
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Paleolithic cave drawings were probably created for three of the reasons
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1. Survival 2. Ritual 3. Utility
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Petroglyphs
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Carved or scratched signs or simple figures on rocks
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Writing may have evolved in Sumeria because ancient temple chiefs needed
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to keep records systematically
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The Stele of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) is an artifact of Babylonian culture written in cuneiform. The text contains
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A code of Laws and Consequences
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Each script below is found in the Rosetta Stone
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a. Greek b. hieroglyphic c. demotic
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In the hieroglyphic writing system, a cartouche encloses glyphs of
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important names
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A Book of the Dead is a narrative of
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the passage of the deceased into the afterlife
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Three of the following are characteristic of ancient Egyptian illustrated manuscripts
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a. Important persons shown larger than other persons b. Figures shown simultaneously frontally and in profile c. Men shown with dark skin and women with light skin
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The ancient Egyptians inherited the use of _________ from the Sumerians
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identification
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The development of writing and visible language had its earliest origins in
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simple pictures
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In Mesopotamia, the ownership of property and the specialization of trades and crafts made visual identification necessary. Images on ______________ became trademarks for the owner
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cylinder seals
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Like the Sumerians, who used mud to create clay tablets, the Egyptians made good use of their natural resources. They created a paper like substrate for manuscripts out of *
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papyrus
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In the hieroglyphic writing system, words that were difficult to express in visual form were written using _______ in which words and syllables are represented by pictures of objects and by symbols whose names are similar to the word or syllable to be communicated
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rebus
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The development of writing had its earliest origins in simple pictures, for a close connection exists between the drawing of pictures and the markings of writing
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T
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Writing in ancient Sumeria took on magical and ceremonial qualities; the general public regarded scribes with awe because of their mysterious knowledge
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T
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In the hieroglyphic system, directionality was not standardized. The reader began from the direction in which living animals were facing, but sometimes the direction in the text changed
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T
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The demotic writing script, used for secular legal and commercial writing, developed around 400 A.D.
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F
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The scarab beetle in ancient Egyptian society was associated with the sun god Khepri and the idea of resurrection. The scarab seal came to be used as a means of marking ownership and as a magical charm
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T
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The Egyptians were the first people to produce illustrated manuscripts in which words and pictures combined to communicate information
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T
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A more abstract form of hieroglyphics, called hieratic script, was developed first by early lawmakers to allow more room for extensive laws
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F, hieratic script was more abstract, but it was created for religious writings
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Finished papyrus sheets had an upper surface of horizontal fibers called the recto, and a bottom surface of vertical fibers called the verso
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T
