Chapter 1– Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry – Flashcards

3

Sigma bond + pi bond + pi bond + delta bond

Possible because of the d orbital

*Organic:* terminal, single bonded *Inorganic:* often act as bridges in complexed atoms, along the faces or edges of polygons. Also experienced with alkyl halide groups

*Organic:* Typically four around the central carbon *Inorganic:* 5, 6, 7... so on. Most common is 6 (octahedral)

When metals are bound in the center of the molecule (typically to O, S, and N)

When carbon is bonded to metal ions

*Organic:* Sigma bonds to carbon *Inorganic:* Sigma bonds still occur, but pi bonds to central atoms, which can result in a "sandwiching" effect

Carbon at the center of a polyhedron of metal ions

Gold and copper because they're in the metallic state in nature. Copper can also readily be formed by the reduction of malachite (copper carbonate) in the presence of charcoal fires Silver, tin, antimony, and lead were also known as early as 3000 bce. Iron in 1500BCE in Mediterranean. Silicon (SiO2) was used around 1500BCE to make glass and windows.

nitric, sulfuric, and hydrochloric

1869, the concepts of atoms and molecules were well established, and it was possible for Mendeleev and Meyer to propose different forms of the periodic table.

Becquerel discovered radioactivity

Bohr atomic model

*WWII military projects* As work was done on many projects (not least of which was the Manhattan Project, in which scientists developed the fission bomb), new areas of research appeared, and new theories were proposed that prompted further experimental work. A great expansion of inorganic chemistry began in the 1940s, sparked by the enthusiasm and ideas generated during World War II.

In the 1950s, an earlier method used to describe the spectra of metal ions surrounded by negatively charged ions in crystals

(Crystal field theory + Molecular Orbital Theory) Metal ions are surrounded by ions or molecules that donate electron pairs.

In 1955, Ziegler3 and Natta4 discovered organometallic compounds that could catalyze the polymerization of ethylene at lower temperatures and pressures than the common industrial method at that time. In addition, the polyethylene formed was more likely to be made up of linear, rather than branched, molecules and, as a consequence, was stronger and more durable. Other catalysts were soon developed, and their study contributed rapid expansion of organometallic chemistry, still a rapidly growing area.

N2 + 3 H2 --> 2 NH3

platinum-containing antitumor agents, the first of which was the cis isomer of Pt(NH3)2Cl2, *cisplatin*... *satraplatin* is a derivative of the former that was the first orally available anticancer drug on the market

Feb 1962 (much of the focus was on coordination chemistry and complex synthesis)