Chapter 1 and 2 Nutrition 1034 – Flashcards
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micronutrients
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essential nutrients that you need in smaller amounts: vitamins and minerals
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organic
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containing carbon
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enzymes
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substances that speed up reactions in your body
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inorganic
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not containing carbon. Inorganic compounds include minerals, water, and salts
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fiber
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the portion of plant foods that isn't digested in the small intestine
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overweight
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carrying extra weight on your body in relation to your height
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obesity
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carrying an excessive amount of body fat above the level of being overweight
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healthy people 2020
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A set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet during the second decade of the new millennium
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consensus
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the opinion of a group of experts based on a collection of information
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scientific method
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a stepwise process used by scientists to generate sound research findings
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hypothesis
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an idea generated by scientists based on their observations
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peer-reviewed journal
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a research journal in which fellow scientists (peers) review studies to asses if they are accurate and sound before they are published
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laboratory experiment
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A scientific experiment conducted in a laboratory. Some laboratory experiments involve animals
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observational research
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Research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes
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epidemiological research
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Research that looks at populations of people; it is often observational
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experimental research
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Research involving at least two groups of subjects
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experimental group
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The group given a specific treatment
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control group
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The group given a placebo
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placebo
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A sugar pill that has no impact on the individual's health when ingested
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double-blind placebo-controlled study
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When the scientists and subjects in a research experiment can't distinguish between the treatments given to the subjects and don't know which group of subjects received which treatment
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registered dietitian (RD)
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A health professional who has completed at least a bachelor's degree in nutrition from an accredited university of college in the United States, completed a supervised practice, and passed an exam administered by the American Dietetic Association (ADA).
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medical nutrition therapy
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The integration of nutrition counseling and dietary changes based on an individual's medical and health needs to treat a patient's medical condition
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public health nutritionist
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An individual who may have an undergraduate degree in nutrition but isn't an RD
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liscensed dietitian (LD)
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An individual who has met specified educational and experience criteria deemed necessary by a state licensing board to be considered an expert in the field of nutrition. An RD would meet all of the qualifications to be an LD.
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nutritionist
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A generic term with no recognized legal or professional meaning. Some people may call themselves nutritionists without having any credible training in nutrition.
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quackery
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The promotion and selling of health products and services of questionable validity. A quack is a person who promotes these products and services in order to make money.
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balance
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The dietary characteristic of providing foods of a number of types in proportion to each other.
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Basic foods
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These are foods and beverages that have had little to no processing occur prior to being purchase by the consumer. Examples- whole grain products, fresh fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products. Often called whole foods or basic whole foods
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Calorie (or Energy) Density
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Consuming few or reasonable amounts of nutrients/ nonnutrients for lots of calories.
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comfort foods
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These are foods that a person might eat or drink when they are ill or distressed.
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Cuisine
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This refers to a wide range of cooking styles.
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Diet
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The foods and fluids/beverages that a person usually consumes on a regular basis.
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Essential Nutrients
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These are substances/compounds which the body cannot make at all or cannot make fast enough to meet the body's need.
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Fast Foods
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These items are restaurant foods that are available fairly quickly after a customer orders them. These foods/beverages may or may not meet people's nutrient needs depending upon the person's selections. Both nutrient dense and calorie dense selections can be made.
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food
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medically, food is any substance or compound that the body can take in, digest/absorb (assimilate) that will enable the body the live and grow. Culturally, this is a more limited number of substances which are defined as acceptable by each culture.
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Moderation
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The dietary characteristic of providing foods and substances within set limits, not in excess. Moderation also supports concepts referred to as adequacy and calorie control
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nutrient density
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Consuming lots of reasonable amounts of nutrients or nonnutrients for few or reasonable amount of calories.
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processed foods
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foods subject to any process such as milling, refining, alteration of texture, addition of additives, cooking, freezing, dying, and/or other process methods. Processed foods may or may not be nutritious.
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Staple Foods
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Foods used frequently or daily. If a staple food/beverage item runs out between regular shopping trips, it will often prompt a shopping trip to obtain more.
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supplements
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Dietary supplements are pills, liquids, powders that contain purified nutrients or other ingredients. Other ingredients can include alcohol as a solvent such as in liquid vitamin mixtures
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variety
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The dietary characteristic of providing a wide selection of food from within each food group. This helps to ensure that the person will ingest a wide array of nutrients and minimize potential ingestion of potential naturally occurring toxins
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They are essential nutrients.
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Which of the following is NOT true about phytochemicals?
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False
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A public health nutritionist is eligible to take the American Dietetic Association (ADA) exam.
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carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
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Which of the following groups of nutrients provide energy in the diet?
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water
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The nutrient that makes up the largest component in foods and the human body is
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False
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The micronutrients include lipids, vitamins, and minerals.
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high in fiber.
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All of the following are correct about the typical American diet EXCEPT that it is
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fruits and vegetables
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Which of the following do Americans need to consume more of?
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.com
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When obtaining information on the Internet, which ending for a URL is probably not as reliable as the others?
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Adequate Intake (AI).
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The approximate amount of a nutrient that groups of similar individuals are consuming to
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proteins.
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The nutrient that should comprise 10 - 35% of daily calories is
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carbohydrates, fats, proteins
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The AMDRs are ranges set for which nutrients?
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A baked potato is a more nutrient dense option than chips.
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Which of the following statements is true when comparing potato chips with a baked potato?
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False
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Oils is one of the five food groups of MyPlate.
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vitamin D
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Which of the following does NOT need to be on a food label?
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the cup of milk provides 8 percent of the total fat allowed in the day.
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If one cup of reduced-fat milk provides 8 percent of your Daily Value for fat, this means that
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lentils
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Which food is commonly included in Indian meals?
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vitamins
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Which of the following are not macronutrients?
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contains carbon
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Which is the correct definition of the term organic?
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False
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The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins.
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False
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The micronutrients include lipids, vitamins, and minerals.
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fruits and vegetables
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Which of the following do Americans need to consume more of?
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False
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According to Healthy People 2020, Americans' body weights are decreasing.
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False
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Being overweight is the same thing as being obese.
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True
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It is not a good idea to change your diet based on a single study.
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False
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Epidemiological research looks at factors in two or more subject groups to see if there is a relationship to a certain disease or another health outcome.
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False
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Chronic disease is caused by genetic influences only.
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how certain nutrients affect an individual's gene expression
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Which of the following does nutritional genomics study?
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True
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Nutritional genomics studies the relationship between the components of food and gene expression.
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