ch16 development-stem cells and cancer – Flashcards
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Which of the following accounts for the phenotypic differences between genetic clones produced by researchers?
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Environmental influences and random phenomena
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Induced pluripotent stem cells were first produced from human differentiated cells by which of the following individuals?
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Shinya Yamanaka
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Mutations that convert the ras gene to an oncogene increase the likelihood of cancer by __________.
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producing a hyperactive G protein that relays signals for cell division in the absence of growth factors
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Which of the following would most likely account for a family history of colorectal cancer?
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Inheritance of one mutated APC allele that regulates cell adhesion and migration
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Pattern formation in animals is based on __________.
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positional information a cell receives from gradients of morphogens
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Which of the following cells is totipotent?
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Plant root cell
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Which of the following does not contribute to morphogenesis?
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Enucleation
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What would be the fate of a Drosophila larva that inherits two copies of a mutant bicoid gene (one mutant allele from each heterozygous parent)?
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It develops normally but, if female, produces mutant larvae that have two tail regions.
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How do the cellular processes of determination and differentiation differ?
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Determination is the process by which a cell is locked into becoming a specialized type, and differentiation is the subsequent process of actually becoming specialized.
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A tumor-suppressor gene could cause the onset of cancer if __________.
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both alleles have mutations that decrease the activity of the gene product and if a proto-oncogene has also become an oncogene
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Homeotic genes were discovered by which of the following individuals?
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Edward B. Lewis
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How are maternal effect genes related to egg-polarity genes?
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Maternal effect genes are egg-polarity genes.
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Which of the following is not true of adult stem cells?
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They are totipotent.
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Master regulatory genes code for __________.
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transcription factors
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Which of the following is a true statement concerning model organisms?
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All of the listed responses are correct.
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Cytoplasmic determinants are __________.
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ll of the listed responses are correct.
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A gene can develop into an oncogene when __________.
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All of the listed responses are correct.
