ch10short – Flashcards
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At the top of the Internet structure are national ___________, such as AT&T and Sprint.
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Internet service providers
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National ISPs connect together and exchange data at ___________.
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Network Access Points
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_________ are smaller versions of NAPs that link a set of regional ISPs.
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metropolitan area exchanges
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__________ has led to the belief that the Internet is "free".
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Peering
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___________ refers to the fact that ISPs do not charge one another (at the same level) for transferring messages they exchange across an NAP or MAE.
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Peering
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A _________ is the place at which the ISP provides services to its customers.
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point-of-presence
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In general, local ISPs make money by charging ________.
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customers
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A ___________ is used by ISPs to authenticate its customers.
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remote-access server.
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Which of the following is one of the national ISPs in North America?
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Sprint
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Technologies that provide higher-speed communications than traditional modems (e.g., DSL) are known as ______________ technologies.
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broadband
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Digital _________ Line is a family of point-to-point technologies designed to provide high-speed data transmission over traditional telephone lines.
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Subscriber
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For access to DSL, __________ equipment is installed at the customer location.
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customer premises
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A __________ separates traditional voice telephone transmission from the data transmissions in the equipment located at the customer site for DSL.
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line splitter
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Data traffic from the customers premises is sent to a __________ which is located at the local carrier's end office.
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DSLAM
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The _________ is the connection from a home or business to the telephone company end office.
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local loop
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A DSL modem is also known as a _________.
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DSL router
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At the DSL local carrier's office, the __________ demultiplexes the data streams and converts them into ATM data.
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DSLAM
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Asymmetric DSL uses ___________ multiplexing to create three separate channels over one local loop circuit.
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frequency division
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To balance the trade-off between speed and distance in ADSL, most ADSL service providers have chosen a T1 level of ADSL, and offer it under the trademarked name of _________ ADSL.
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G.Lite
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Very-high-data-rate DSL uses multiplexing to provide _________ channels.
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three
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A digital service offered by cable companies is the _________.
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cable modem
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Another term for cable networks that use both fiber-optic and coaxial cable is __________.
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hybrid fiber coax
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A T1 level of ADSL has a maximum downstream rate of about _________ Mbps.
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1.5
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A headend is also referred to as a:
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distribution hub
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Wireless DSL requires __________ to be effective.
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tall buildings or towers
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A(n) __________ is used to connect a fiber optic cable from the cable TV company side to a coaxial cable on the customer side.
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optical-electrical converter
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A(n) ___________ contains a series of cable modems/multiplexers and converts the data from cable modem protocols into protocols needed for Internet traffic, before passing them to a router connected to an ISP POP.
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cable modem termination system
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The multipoint version of fixed wireless is sometimes known as ____________.
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point-to-multipoint
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___________ is designed to enable the use of normal Web applications on computers and devices with small display screen operating over low speed wireless connections.
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Wireless Application Protocol
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A transceiver at the WAP gateway passes requests to a __________ server from a handheld device.
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wireless telephony application
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A ____________ translates a wireless application request to HTTP and sends it over the Internet to the desired Web server.
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WAP proxy
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Running fiber optic cable into the home as an alternative networking technology to DSL is called _____________
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passive optical networking
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In passive optical networking, the optical signal has a maximum length of about __________.
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10 miles
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_________ is being pioneered by Yipes.com.
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Ethernet to the home
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One advantage of _____________ is that no conversations between LAN and WAN protocols are needed.
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ethernet to the home
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The closest the Internet has to an "owning" organization is the ___________.
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Internet Society
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The ________ is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and smooth operation of the Internet.
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Internet Engineering Task Force
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The ___________ is responsible for technical management of IETF and the Internet standards process.
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Internet Engineering Steering Committee
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The _________operates like the IETF through small research groups focused on specific issues.
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Internet Research Task Force
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In 1996, The National Science foundation provided $100 million to start the ___________ program to develop the very-high-performance Backbone Network Service.
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Next Generation Internet
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Internet 2 is also known as ________.
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the Abilene network
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Another major high-speed network experimenting with long distance Ethernet over fiber is _____________.
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the National Lambda Rail
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A high-speed Internet has a set of access points called ____pops that provide point-of-presence at ________ speeds.
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giga, gigabit
