question

Most U.S. children average ___ hours of sleep by age 5.

answer

11

question

Sleep disturbances

answer

tend to run in families and may be tied to separation anxiety.

question

Enuresis that persists beyond age __ to __ may be a sign of poor self concept.

answer

8 to 10

question

By age 3, the brain is approximately ___% of adult weight.

answer

90%

question

age 2 drawing is

answer

scribbles

question

age 3 drawing is

answer

shapes

question

age 4-5 drawing is

answer

pictorial

question

A tendency toward obesity can be herditary, but main factors are

answer

environmental

question

Factors in prevention of obesity

answer

1. evening meal as family 2. adequate sleep 3. < 2 hours of TV

question

Effects of undernutrition can be lessened with improved diet, but also with

answer

interaction with parents

question

_______ are the leading cause of death after infancy throughout adolescence and childhood.

answer

Accidents

question

Most deaths from injuries among preschoolers occur in the home from

answer

fires, drowning in bathtubs, suffocation, poisoning, and falls.

question

In 2007, ____% of all homeless people were families with children.

answer

23%

question

Preoperational stage (Jean Piaget)

answer

age 2-7, characterized by expansion in symbolic thought

question

Advances in symbolic thought are accompanied by a growing understanding of

answer

causality, identities, categorization, and number.

question

symbolic function

answer

the ability to use symbols for maps, photos, verbal communication (at least age 3)

question

rudimentary concept of number at age

answer

4 1/2 months

question

Bye age ___, children from middle-income families have markedly better number skills than low SES children, and their advantage continues.

answer

4 years

question

centration

answer

tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others

question

decenter

answer

ability to think about several aspects of a situation at one time

question

conservation

answer

the fact that two things that are equal remain so if their appearance is altered, as long as nothing is added or taken away.

question

Irreversibility

answer

failure to understand that an operation or action can go in two or

question

Between ages __ and __, children come to understand the thinking that goes on inside the mind.

answer

3 and 5

question

At age __ children consistently pass false belief tasks.

answer

4 years

question

At age __, children realize that two people who see or hear the same thing may interpret it differently.

answer

6 years

question

At about age __ and ___, children distinguish between real and imagined events.

answer

18 months and 3 years

question

____ and ____ contribute to an understanding of thoughts and emotions.

answer

Social competence and language developement.

question

Encoding

answer

putting information in a folder to be filed in memory and attaching a label so it will be easier to find later

question

Storage

answer

putting the folder away in the filing cabinet

question

Sensory memory

answer

temporary holding tank for incoming sensory information

question

The growth of working memory permits the development of ______________.

answer

executive function

question

Working memory is controlled by the amount of _______ paid to it.

answer

attention; if attention wanders, the material is lost

question

Recognition

answer

ability to identify something encountered before

question

Recall

answer

ability to reproduce knowledge from memory.

question

Generic memory

answer

begins at age 2 and produces a script or general outline of a familiar, repeated event, such as having lunch at Grandma's.

question

Episodic memory

answer

awareness of having experienced a particular event at a specific time and place. They are temporary unless they occur multiple times, and then they are moved to generic memory.

question

Factors in child memory retention

answer

1. Uniqueness of event 2. Active participation 3. self-awareness 4. the way adults talk with a child about a memory

question

A parent with a _________ style have children that recall richer memories.

answer

high elaborative style

question

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

answer

is for ages 2+ and measures fluid reasoning, knowledge, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

question

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III)

answer

separate levels for 2 1/2 to 4 and 4 to 7 verbal and non-verbal processing, receptive versus expressive vocabulary, and processing speed.

question

IQ is not a measure of fixed inborn intelligence, but rather

answer

a measure of how well a child can do tasks at a certain time in comparison with other children of the same age.

question

Twin and adoption studies suggest that _____ rather than ____ have the strongest influence in early childhood, and this influence diminishes by adolescence.

answer

family life rather than genetics

question

The correlation between SES and ___ is well-documented.

answer

IQ

question

Dynamic zone of proximal development (ZPD) tests, according to Vygotskyan theory, provide

answer

better measure of intellectual potential (rather than what they already know).

question

By age 3 the average child uses ____ words.

answer

900-1,000

question

At age 6, a child knows about ____ words.

answer

2,600

question

By high school, a teen may know up to

answer

80,000 words.

question

fast mapping

answer

process by which a child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it once or twice in conversation.

question

pragmatics

answer

the practical knowledge of how to use language to communicate.

question

Vygotsky saw private speech as

answer

a special form of communication: communication with the self and not egocentric.

question

About __% of preschool children show speech and language delays.

answer

5 to 8%

question

Factors in speech delays are

answer

head and facial abnormalities premature birth family history SES factors and other dev delays problem with fast mapping

question

Emergent literacy

answer

1. oral language skills 2. specific phonological skills (linking letters with sounds)

question

Exposure to __ during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development.

answer

TV

question

The Montessori method is based on

answer

the belief that children's natural intelligence involves rational, spiritual, and empirical aspects. Children learn independently at their own pace. There are multiage classrooms and self-chosen tasks.

question

The Reggio Emilia approach

answer

encourages nonviolent dialogues, developing problem solving skills, and promoting close relationships with teachers and classmates. Learning is purposeful but less defined.

question

Compensatory preschool programs are designed to

answer

aid children who would otherwise enter school poorly prepared to learn.

question

The best known compensatory school is

answer

Project Head Start, a federally funded program launched in 1965.

question

Goals of compensatory schools like Head Start are:

answer

to enhance cognitive skills, improve physical health, and to foster self-confidence and social skills.

question

Programs that offer a mix of ____ and ____ showed better results than those that concentrated on just one.

answer

Head Start School and family services

question

The process by which nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells which increases the speed at which information moves through the nervous system is called _______.

answer

myelination

question

What is Piaget's second stage, lasting from approximately ages 2 - 7 during which children represent the world through words, images, drawing and symbolic thought, reasoning emerges and egocentrisim is present.

answer

preoperational stage

question

Approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed.

answer

social constructivist approach

question

Awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

answer

theory of mind

question

Education that involves the whole child by considering both the child's physical, cognitive and social development and the child's needs, interests, and learning styles.

answer

child-centered kindergarten

question

Piaget's "second substage of preoperational thought, in which children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.

answer

intuitive thought substage

question

Educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire .

answer

Montessori approach

question

Government-funded program designed to provide children from low-income families the opportunity to acquire the skills and experiences important for school success.

answer

Project Head Start

question

Education that focuses on the typical developmental patterns of children and the uniqueness of each child.

answer

developmentally appropriate practice

question

Piaget's first substage of preoperational thought, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent and object that is not present.

answer

symbolic function stage

question

Vygotsky's term for tasks too difficult for children to master alone but that can be mastered with assistance.

answer

zone of proximal development

question

Piaget's second stage during which children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings and symbolic thought goes beyond simple connections of sensory information and physical action.

answer

preoperational stage

question

What are the two most important contributors to height differences? a. nutrition and hormonal status b. ethnic origin and heredity c. hormonal status and heredity d. nutrition and ethnic origin

answer

d. nutrition and ethnic origin

question

Myelination improves the efficiency of the central nervous system in the same way that _____ a. talking to an infant speeds the baby's ability to produce a first word b. reducing the distance between two children playing catch reduces the time it takes for a baseball to travel from one child to the other c. the ingestion of certain chemicals (for example, steroids) can improve overall muscle development d. the insulation around an electrical extension cord improves its efficiency

answer

d. the insulation around an electrical extension cord improves its efficiency

question

Research using brain scans has found that between ages 3 and 15 years, _____ a. the overall size of the brain shows dramatic growth b there are dramatic changes in local patterns within the brain c. the overall size of the brain decreases d. many diseases that are manifested later in life can be seen early on

answer

b there are dramatic changes in local patterns within the brain

question

The most rapid growth in the brain for children between ages 3 and 6 years takes place in the _______. a. frontal lobe areas b. temporal lobe areas c. parietal lobes . d. occipital lobe

answer

a. frontal lobe areas

question

An example of fine motor skills is _______ a. bouncing a ball b. walking a straight line c. sorting blocks d. writing your name

answer

d. writing your name

question

Which of the following statements about children and being overweight is FALSE? a.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has an obesity category for children and adolescents. b. Young Latino children are twice as likely to be overweight as African-American and non-Latino White young children. c. The United States has the second highest rate of childhood obesity compared to 34 other countries. d. Type II diabetes has been seen in 5-year-olds in the U.S.

answer

a.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has an obesity category for children and adolescents.

question

If your child is overweight, what can you do to help him the most? a. Give him snacks only when he has been good. b. Put him on a low-carbohydrate diet. c. Encourage him to have daily physical activity. d. Punish him when you find him eating snacks.

answer

c. Encourage him to have daily physical activity.

question

Children in preschools get about: a. 200% of the physical activity recommended for their age. b. 100% of the physical activity recommended for their age. c. 50% of the physical activity recommended for their age. d. 10% of the physical activity recommended for their age.

answer

c. 50% of the physical activity recommended for their age.

question

Iron deficiency anemia results from failure to eat adequate amounts of: a. dark green vegetables b. quality grain products c. quality meats d. Both a and c.

answer

d. Both a and c.

question

The leading cause of death in young children in the U.S. is: a. cancer b. falls c. cardiovascular disease d. motor vehicle accidents

answer

d. motor vehicle accidents

question

Which of the following statements regarding HIV-AIDS is TRUE? a. The knowledge that there are ways to avoid AIDS does not vary based on education level. b. In the last decade, the rate of children dying of HIV-AIDS has dropped. c. Deaths in young children due to HIV-AIDS especially occur in countries with high rates of poverty and low levels of education. d. All of the above are true.

answer

c. Deaths in young children due to HIV-AIDS especially occur in countries with high rates of poverty and low levels of education.

question

A young child who gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not currently present is in the: a. symbolic function substage b. intuitive thought substage c. tertiary circular reactions substage d. preoperational substage

answer

a. symbolic function substage (2-4 yrs old) *includes animism & egocentrism

question

Three-year-old Henry tripped on an uneven sidewalk and ran crying to his mother, saying, "The sidewalk made me fall on purpose!" Henry is demonstrating _____ a. animism b. egocentrism c. centration d. conservation

answer

a. animism *animism - the belief that inanimate objects have life-like qualities and are capable of action (2-4 yrs old)

question

When her father asked Kim how she concluded that two apples and two apples make five apples, she believed her answer was correct and confidently replied, "I know it because I know it!" Kim is in which substage of development? a. primary circular reactions b. tertiary circular reactions c. symbolic function d. intuitive thought

answer

d. intuitive thought

question

A child's lack of ability to conserve is often the result of ____ a. egocentrism b. centration c. concentration d. animism

answer

b. centration *centration is common in 2-7 yrs old, failing the conservation-of-liquid task is a sign that children are at the pre-operational stage

question

centration

answer

focusing attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others the tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects. limitation of pre-operational thought

question

Professor Rosen showed 4-year-old Clarence two balls of clay that were the same size. As he watched, she rolled one of the balls into a snake shape, neither adding nor taking away any clay. When asked if both the ball and the "snake" had the same amount of clay, Clarence responded that the snake had more. This demonstrates Clarence's _____ a. imagination b. inability to reverse actions mentally c. shape preferences d. mature conservation abilities

answer

b. inability to reverse actions mentally *due to centration occurred in pre-operational stage between 2-7 yrs old

question

According to Gelman's research, children fail conservation tasks because they _____ a. cannot think about more than one aspect of a task b. fail to attend to important features of the tasks c. cannot mentally reverse the sequence of actions in the tasks d. do not understand why researchers are testing them

answer

b. fail to attend to important features of the tasks

question

Piaget's 4 cognitive stages

answer

sensorimotor pre-operational concrete operational formal operational

question

Lev Vygotsky argued that some tasks are too difficult for children to handle alone but can be done with the help of someone more skilled. Such tasks ____ a. fall into the zone of proximal development b. are difficult because they are not salient to the child c. are best taught by having the child work with classmates who are also having difficulty d. will be frustrating for the child and should be left to a time when the child can more easily accomplish them

answer

a. fall into the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

question

How does a good teacher incorporate Lev Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development into classroom setting?

answer

A good teacher should understand every child has different Zone of of Proximal Development. In order to avoid boredom and frustration in the classroom, a good teacher should design an educational scaffolding strategy that incorporates Lev Vygotsky's ZPD concept. With the the educator and more capable peers in a social enviroment, children learn and advance.

question

Lev Vygotsky vs Piaget

answer

Piaget Children are only able to perform in a certain cognitive stage. Children CANNOT learn until their pre-operational stages are developed, they are ready to learn. Development leads learning Lev Vygotsky Children CAN learn through knowledge by a teacher scaffolding a lesson and engaging students in group discussion. It's not about being ready. It's about providing proper scaffolding support for them to learn Learning leads devemplent

question

When children's unsystematic, disorganized, spontaneous thoughts meet with a skilled helper's more systematic, logical, rational thoughts, this is called: a. conservation b. a dialogue c. inner speech d. centration

answer

b. a dialogue

question

Lev Vygotsky's beliefs about language and thought can be summed up by which one of the following statements? a. Children who engage in high levels of private speech are usually socially competent. b. Children use internal speech earlier than they use external speech. c. Private speech is egocentric and reflects immaturity. d. Language and thought initially develop together and then become independent.

answer

a. Children who engage in high levels of private speech are usually socially competent. *Lev Vygotsky is a social constructivist

question

Recent research on private speech has found all of the following statements to be true except a. Children use private speech more when tasks are difficult. b. Children use private speech more following errors. c. Children use private speech more when they are not sure how to proceed on a task. d. Children use private speech more when they are egocentric and doing immature tasks.

answer

d. Children use private speech more when they are egocentric and doing immature tasks.

question

Vygotsky believed that a child's cognitive development while in the classroom was influenced by ________. a. a child's interactions with a teacher and more skilled classmates b. watching educational programs on television c. the traditions of a child's ethnic group d. the use of computers to teach math concepts

answer

a. a child's interactions with a teacher and more skilled classmates

question

An early childhood curriculum that is grounded in Vygotsky's theory is called: a. Scaffolding University b. ZPD for Me c. Tools of the Mind d. Speak and Think

answer

c. Tools of the Mind *Created by Elena Bodrova & Deborah (2008) * Use of zone of proximal development, scaffolding, private speech, and shared activity

question

Autistic children have difficulty developing _______

answer

theory of mind

question

Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of Vygotsky's theory? a. He overemphasized the role of language in thinking. b. His emphasis on collaboration might have pitfalls. c. His emphasis on guidance might have pitfalls. d. He under-emphasized the social contexts of learning.

answer

d. He under-emphasized the social contexts of learning.

question

In a class with a mixed age-group of toddlers and preschoolers, one must remember that a toddler typically does not have the ability to _____ a. use language to communicate b. habituate to repeated stimulation c. concentrate on an activity for long periods of time d. have peer relationships

answer

c. concentrate on an activity for long periods of time

question

Jamal is 5 years old. His mother has noticed that his attention capabilities have really changed in the past year or so. She has probably seen all of these changes in his attentional abilities EXCEPT: a. the ability to control attention and pay attention to TV for longer periods b. the ability to attend to relevant instead of salient aspects of a task c. the ability to systematically attend to details of pictures d. the ability to direct attention to what the teacher is saying for the entire school day

answer

d. the ability to direct attention to what the teacher is saying for the entire school day

question

All of the following factors have been found to account for differences in memory performance between younger and older children EXCEPT which one? a. use of rehearsal b. speed and efficiency of processing c. increased intelligence d. all of these are factors accounting for differences in memory performance

answer

c. increased intelligence

question

Which of the following pieces of information about children's long-term memories is TRUE? a. Suggestibility to suggestion increases with age. b. The tone of voice of an interviewer does not seem to affect the accuracy of the child's report. c. Children who have low self-concept are more likely to be suggestible. d. Children who have high support from parents are more likely to be suggestible.

answer

c. Children who have low self-concept are more likely to be suggestible.

question

______ consist(s) of deliberate mental activities to improve the processing of information. a. Centration b. Scaffolding c. Suggestibility d. Strategies

answer

d. Strategies

question

All of the following are developmental steps in children's thoughts about the human mind EXCEPT which one? a. realizing that the mind exists b. realizing that the mind cannot actively construct knowledge c. realizing that there are mental states d. understanding that the mind can represent objects and events accurately or inaccurately

answer

b. realizing that the mind cannot actively construct knowledge

question

A box labeled "crayons" is actually filled with cotton. When 3-year-old Ashley is shown the inside of the box and is then asked what her friend will think is inside the box, what is she likely to say? a. crayons b. cotton c. band-aids d. she will likely give no response because her verbal skills will be too poor

answer

b. cotton

question

Which of the following statements about individual differences in theory of mind is FALSE? a. Children who talk with their parents about feelings frequently at 2 years of age do better on theory of mind tasks. b. Children who frequently engage in pretend play do better on theory of mind tasks. c. Children with more siblings perform better on theory of mind tasks. d. Children who are deaf but have hearing parents do better at theory of mind tasks than do deaf children raised by deaf parents.

answer

d. Children who are deaf but have hearing parents do better at theory of mind tasks than do deaf children raised by deaf parents.

question

The relationship between autism and theory of mind can best be described by which of the following? a. All children with autism have deficits in theory of mind. b. All children with autism have a strong understanding of theory of mind. c. The more high-functioning the child with autism is, typically the better they understand theory of mind. d. The fact that children with autism have difficulty understanding others' beliefs and emotions is solely due to theory of mind deficits.

answer

c. The more high-functioning the child with autism is, typically the better they understand theory of mind.

question

Overgeneralization of language rules indicates _____ a. failure to apply morphological rules b. children's guesses about morphological rules c. the use of morphological rules d. all of the above

answer

c. the use of morphological rules

question

Evidence that children understand the rules of their language includes all of the following abilities EXCEPT which one? a. observations of overgeneralizations b. application of rules to nonsense words c. correct word order placement d. ability to talk about things that are not here and not now

answer

b. application of rules to nonsense words

question

Longitudinal research indicates that which of the following is linked to later reading success? a. Phonological awareness b. Theory of mind c. Understanding of pragmatics d. All of the above

answer

a. Phonological awareness

question

Joseph is attending a child-centered kindergarten, so we would expect to see all of these characteristics EXCEPT which one? a. instruction organized around Joseph's needs, interests, and learning style b. an emphasis on the process of what Joseph is learning c. an emphasis on what Joseph learns d. play as an important aspect of Joseph's development

answer

c. an emphasis on what Joseph learns

question

Flavia attends a Reggio Emilia-type preschool program (discussed in the chapter's opening story). We would expect Flavia to experience all of these elements EXCEPT which one? a. little focus on social development and imaginative play b. more focus on topics explored in groups to facilitate a sense of community c. projects that are considered adventures d. parent involvement in activities

answer

a. little focus on social development and imaginative play

question

A criticism of the Montessori approach is: a. It does not foster independence. b. It does not foster the development of cognitive skills. c. It deemphasizes verbal interaction between the teacher and child. d. It deemphasizes freedom in choosing activities.

answer

c. It deemphasizes verbal interaction between the teacher and child.

question

An instructor who uses developmentally appropriate methods for teaching the alphabet might engage in all of the following activities EXCEPT which one? a. have the children recite the alphabet three times a day every day b. use music to teach the alphabet c. use animal names and shapes to teach the alphabet d. use the sandbox to let children draw the letters of the alphabet

answer

a. have the children recite the alphabet three times a day every day

question

Recent research examining the effects of developmentally appropriate curricula on children's outcomes has found all of these statements to be true EXCEPT: a. Children in developmentally appropriate programs had better math application skills. b. Children in developmentally appropriate programs had better vocabulary skills. c. Children in developmentally appropriate programs had better peer relationships and social skills. d. Children in developmentally appropriate programs had better math computation skills.

answer

c. Children in developmentally appropriate programs had better peer relationships and social skills.

question

Project Head Start was designed to: a. provide low-income children a chance to acquire skills that would help them succeed at school b. assess .tile advantages and disadvantages of preschool educational programs c. give-children a head start on kindergarten work during preschool d. determine the feasibility of starting formal education at an earlier age

answer

a. provide low-income children a chance to acquire skills that would help them succeed at school

question

Which of the following is NOT a current controversy related to early childhood education? a. Whether preschool should be universal in the U.S. b. Whether preschool should be child-centered and constructivist. c. Whether preschool should be academic and direct-instruction oriented. d. Whether preschool should be banned in the U.S.

answer

d. Whether preschool should be banned in the U.S.

question

Schooling for young children in Japan can be described as: a. a program in which children learn skills like persistence, concentration and group cohesion. b. a program of concentrated academic instruction. c. the kind of program most Americans want. d. the typical American preschool.

answer

a. a program in which children learn skills like persistence, concentration and group cohesion.

question

T/F: During the shift from toddler to preschooler, we see an increase in the growth of fatty tissue, which cushions the more active preschooler.

answer

False

question

T/F: During the preschool period, the brain increases in size because of increases in the number and size of nerve endings within and between brain areas.

answer

True

question

T/F: Some brain areas grow in size in early childhood, but other areas experience a dramatic loss of unused cells.

answer

True

question

T/F: Children as young as 5 years of age are now at risk for obesity-related diseases such as diabetes.

answer

True

question

T/F: Kimoni is experiencing iron deficiency anemia, which makes her chronically tired. Her mother takes her to the pediatrician, who is likely to recommend that Kimoni eat more dairy products and fruits.

answer

False

question

The leading cause of death in young children in the United States is poisoning.

answer

False

question

T/F: For such a wealthy and technologically advanced nation, it is surprising to see that the United States has relatively high infant mortality rates. This is believed to be caused by the high rate of infant deaths from HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

answer

False

question

T/F: When children are in the preoperational period of Piaget's theory, they cannot mentally think about things without acting them out.

answer

True

question

T/F: On Piaget and Inhelder's (1969) "three mountains" task, the reason that young children could not exhibit perspective-taking was because of the common logical error of the preoperational period call animism.

answer

False

question

T/F: A child is exhibiting centration when she reports that witches are real and are hiding in her closet.

answer

False

question

T/F: Research has found that once a child can perform conservation of number, he can automatically transfer that skill and perform conservation of mass, volume, area, and so on.

answer

False

question

T/F: In Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, the lower level of the zone is where the child can solve problems independently.

answer

True

question

T/F: Mrs. Vargas is scaffolding Hector's learning of a brand new task. To scaffold correctly, she will first start with direct instruction. As Hector gets the hang of the task, she will slowly give less and less guidance.

answer

True

question

T/F: For Vygotsky, private speech is immature and egocentric, but for Piaget, it serves as a valuable tool of thought.

answer

False

question

T/F: Research supports Piaget's ideas regarding self-talk, showing that Vygotsky's ideas about private speech were incorrect.

answer

False

question

T/F: In both Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories, teachers serve as facilitators and guides rather than as directors of the learning experience.

answer

True

question

T/F: Young children can be led into reporting false events that never happened, even serious things such as inappropriate touching by adults.

answer

True

question

T/F: In general, when trying to remember things young children tend to be fairly good at using strategies such as rehearsal and organization.

answer

False

question

T/F: 5-year-olds tend to have difficulty reporting their own thoughts.

answer

True

question

T/F: Children who do better at executive function tasks do worse at theory of mind tasks.

answer

False

question

T/F: In Jean Berko's (1958) "Wug" study, it was shown that young children accurately employed morphological rules to nonsense words such as "wug."

answer

False

question

T/F: When children exhibit displacement during language development, they displace the proper words and use incorrect words for objects.

answer

False

question

T/F: Critics ofthe Montessori approach to early childhood education believe that there is too much focus on imaginative play and not enough emphasis on intellectual activities.

answer

False

question

The majority of Japanese parents believe that the purpose of preschool is to give children experience being members of a group.

answer

False

Ch: 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in early childhood – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards