Ch 6 APES Test – Flashcards
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Cultural carrying capacity
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the limit on population growth that would allow most people in an area or the world to live in a reasonable comfort and freedom without impairing that ability of the planet to sustain future generations.
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Crude birth rate
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annual number of live births per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
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Crude death rate
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annual number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
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Population change
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increase or decrease in the size of a population. (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration).
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Fertility rate
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number of children born to an average woman in a population during her lifetime.
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Replacement-level fertility rate
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average number of a children a couple must bear to replace themselves. (2.1 in U.S. and 2.5 in developing countries).
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Total fertility rate
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estimate of the average number children who will be born alive to a woman in her lifetime if she passes through all er child bearing years (15-44) conforming to age-specific fertility rates of a given year.
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Life expectancy
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average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live.
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Infant mortality rate
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number of babies out of 1,000 each year that will die before their first birthday.
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Migration
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movement of people into and out of specific geographic areas.
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Age structure
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percentage of the population at each age level in a population.
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Demographic transition
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hypothesis that countries, as they become industrialized, have declines in death rates followed by declines in birth rates.
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Family planning
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providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.
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A medium population growth projection calls for population of 9.3 billion people in 2050 up from the current population of 6.7 billion. What percent increase is this?
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39%
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In 1798, Thomas Malthus hypothesized the collapse of the human population. What factor proved Malthus wrong and led to the continued increases in the human population?
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food production increased at an exponential rate
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Which of the below is NOT used to calculate population growth rate?
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infant mortality rate
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Why is a replacement-level fertility slightly 2 children per couple?
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some children die before reaching reproductive years
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Taiwan, Cuba, and most of Europe have lower infant mortality rates than the U.S. in part because of
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drug addiction among pregnant women
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One of the most important factors in helping to stabilize a developing country's population and reducing environmental degradation is to
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empower and educate women
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Which is the below is an examped of a positive use of nature's natural capital?
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increased reliance on renewable energy resources
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Which of the below are the correct order of demographic transition states that a country experiences when industrializing?
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Preindustrial Transitional Industrial Postindustrial
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Which of the below has been utilized in both India and China to attempt to reduce population growth rates?
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Family planning and education
