Ch. 4 The Human World – Flashcards
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death rate
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the number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people
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birthrate
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the number of births per year for every 1,000 people
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natural increase
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growth rate of a population
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doubling time
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the number of years it takes a population to double in size
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population distribution
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the pattern of human settlement
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population density
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the average number of people living on a square kilometer of land
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migration
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the movement of people from place
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culture
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the way of life of a society of people who share similar beliefs and customs
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language family
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large groups of languages having similar roots
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ethnic group
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a group of people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements
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culture region
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a region of the earth where people share common traits
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cultural diffusion
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the process of spreading new knowledge and skills from one culture to another
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culture hearth
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early civilizations whose ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas
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unitary system
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a system of government that gives all key powers to the national or central government
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federal system
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a system of government that divides power between the national government and state or provincial governments
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autocracy
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a system of government in which the power and authority to rule belong to a single individual
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oligarchy
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a systyem of government in which a small group holds power
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democracy
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a system of government in which leaders rule with the consent of the citizens
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traditional economy
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an economy in which habit and custom determine the rules of economic activity
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market economy
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an economy in which individuals and private groups make decisions about what to produce
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mixed economy
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an economy in which the government supports and regulates free enterprise through decisions that affect the marketplace
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command economy
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an economy in which decisions are made at the upper levels of government and handed down to the people
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natural resource
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an element from the earth that can be used for food, fuel, or other necessities
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developed country
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a country in which most people are employed in manufacturing or service industries and enjoy a high standard of living
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developing country
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a country that is working toward greater manufacturing and technology
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industrialization
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the spread of industry
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free trade
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the removal of trade barriers so that goods can flow freely between countries
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pollution
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the release of unclean or impure elements into the air, water, and land
