Ch. 4 SG – Flashcard
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Ch. 4 1) The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a A) custom. B) popular culture. C) habit. D) taboo. E) character trait.
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A) custom.
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2) A repetitive act performed by an individual is a A) custom. B) popular culture. C) habit. D) taboo. E) character trait.
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C) habit.
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3) Jeans provide a good example of material culture that is adopted by a number of different societies. They are also an example of A) punk culture. B) popular culture. C) folk culture. D) white-collar culture.
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B) popular culture.
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4) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary A) from place to place at a given time. B) from time to time at a given place. C) both from place to place and from time to time, in equal measure. D) neither from place to place nor from time to time. E) only in more developed countries.
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B) from time to time at a given place.
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5) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and A) homogeneous groups. B) heterogeneous groups. C) groups living in isolated rural areas. D) groups that have little interaction with other groups. E) groups of specialists.
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B) heterogeneous groups.
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6) Judging from the discussions of other clothing in this chapter, we could say that hoodies are an example of ________ adopted by a number of different groups segmented by age, class, ethnicity, and other factors. Hoodies are a versatile element of popular culture. A) punk culture B) material culture C) folk culture D) immaterial culture E) youth culture
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B) material culture
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7) By analyzing the distribution of folk culture in our surroundings, we can surmise that A) folk culture would not exist without small scale and local migration. B) folk culture does not diffuse through relocation diffusion. C) several elements of folk culture may have multiple, unknown origins. D) folk culture can only be transmitted orally across time and location. E) several elements of folk culture tend to replace elements of popular culture.
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C) several elements of folk culture may have multiple, unknown origins.
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8) Typically, popular culture A) originates in a number of locations at the same time. B) reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical environment. C) experiences frequent changes through time and space. D) is practiced by small homogeneous groups. E) is practiced by small heterogeneous groups that become large homogeneous groups.
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C) experiences frequent changes through time and space.
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9) Folk cultures are spread primarily by A) contagious diffusion. B) hierarchical diffusion. C) relocation diffusion. D) stimulus diffusion. E) epidemic diffusion
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C) relocation diffusion.
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10) Before reaching other parts of ________ and, eventually, marginalized urban areas throughout the country, Hip hop music originated in the late 1970s in the South Bronx. A) Chicago B) Boston C) Baltimore D) New York City E) Philadelphia
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D) New York City
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11) In recent decades, popular customs have most frequently originated in A) more developed countries. B) less developed countries. C) formerly communist countries. D) countries with large rural populations. E) Latin America and Africa.
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A) more developed countries.
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12) One significant impact of popular culture is to A) create a more varied and less uniform landscape. B) promote the diffusion of folk culture. C) modify the physical environment. D) spread through relocation diffusion. E) diffuse at the expense of globalization.
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C) modify the physical environment.
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13) Based on what you have read about globalization, you could surmise that the main effect of modern communications on social customs has been to A) preserve folk cultures, by increasing awareness of their uniqueness. B) stimulate the diffusion of folk cultures around the world. C) increase the similarity of social customs in different locations. D) have little effect on the diffusion of social customs. E) slow the rate of change.
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C) increase the similarity of social customs in different locations.
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14) As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from A) the "discovery" of leisure time. B) the application of industrial technology. C) familiar events in daily life. D) a traumatic event unique to the history of a particular social group. E) global communications, such as television and the Internet.
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C) familiar events in daily life.
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15) When we analyze the patterns of popular culture in our surroundings, we can surmise that A) all culture is transmitted from one location to another through small scale and local migration. B) popular culture diffuses through relocation diffusion. C) nodes of innovation are central to the process of hierarchical diffusion. D) unlike folk culture, popular culture is usually transmitted orally across time and location. E) it is impossible for us to make scientific observations about the diffusion of popular culture.
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C) nodes of innovation are central to the process of hierarchical diffusion.
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16) We can deduce from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture A) discourages people in different places to adopt different customs. B) depends on modern communication systems. C) is an example of relocation diffusion. D) conserves natural resources. E) always occurs at the expense of folk culture.
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B) depends on modern communication systems.
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17) The distribution of the subjects of art in the Himalayas shows how folk cultures A) always include paintings of religious subjects. B) are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and religion. C) avoid painting animate objects. D) typically paint scenes of nature but not people. E) abandon customary forms as they engage in migration.
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B) are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and religion.
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18) Which concept is the contemporary geographer likely to reject? A) Local resources make some cultural choices more likely than others. B) People in similar environments adopt different social customs. C) People are influenced by their physical environment. D) People in different environments adopt similar social customs. E) The physical environment causes people to adopt social customs.
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E) The physical environment causes people to adopt social customs.
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19) The global diffusion of popular culture may threaten folk culture by A) being less responsive to the diversity of local environments. B) threatening local environments through the diffusion of information by technology. C) serving as a catalyst for the advancement of folk culture. D) being more responsive to the diversity of local environments.
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A) being less responsive to the diversity of local environments.
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20) Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to A) tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters. B) be considered examples of culture. C) feature instruments and styles of performance associated with dance clubs. D) be transmitted in written form. E) be written by specialists for commercial distribution.
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A) tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters.
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21) An example of a folk custom used to diffuse information about agriculture is A) Armed Forces Radio. B) Association Football. C) Himalayan hip hop. D) Vietnamese songs. E) a cartoon about talking animals in Madagascar.
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D) Vietnamese songs.
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22) Hip hop music demonstrates an interplay between globalization and local diversity because A) it is a form of folk culture responsible for the globalization of modern music. B) it is a part of popular culture which threatens to overwhelm local folk cultures. C) artists may be widely popular yet still make local references in their song lyrics. D) some lyrics can't be transmitted over the radio and television. E) hip hop music is played in many Islamic countries.
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C) artists may be widely popular yet still make local references in their song lyrics.
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23) Like hip hop music, music from the border region between the southwestern United States and northern Mexico might be expected to A) reflect almost exclusively on themes of drug culture and violence. B) be an aspect of popular culture which threatens to overwhelm local folk cultures. C) incorporate local, national, and global themes as it demonstrates an interplay between globalization and localism. D) feature potentially offensive lyrics in order to guarantee its widespread transmission via radio and television. E) have diffused originally from one district of a large city.
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C) incorporate local, national, and global themes as it demonstrates an interplay between globalization and localism.
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24) The spatial distribution of soccer during the twentieth century is an example of A) folk culture. B) habit. C) popular culture. D) taboo. E) relocation diffusion.
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C) popular culture.
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25) We can surmise from the discussion of other sports in this chapter that the current distribution of bowling is another example of A) a folk custom becoming part of a popular culture. B) nearly all sports being examples of folk culture resisting the globalizing influences of popular culture. C) television infusing all sports into popular culture. D) a folk culture arising out of a folk custom. E) sport being more important in less developed countries.
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A) a folk custom becoming part of a popular culture.
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26) Cultural diversity is promoted by A) the relative isolation of a group from others. B) globalization. C) the rapid movement of goods and services across borders. D) expansion diffusion. E) the connections between homogeneous groups.
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A) the relative isolation of a group from others.
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27) The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the A) diffusion of popular culture. B) adoption of unique folk culture. C) impact of high income on clothing habits. D) opposition to globalization. E) increasing incidence of synthetic textiles replacing natural fibers.
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A) diffusion of popular culture.
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28) A particular preference for a new clothing style is more likely than a folk custom to A) evolve rapidly owing to the isolation of different groups. B) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and transportation. C) reflect the unique characteristics of the physical landscape. D) have an unknown source of origin. E) resist the influences of multinational corporations.
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B) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and transportation.
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29) The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by A) occupation but not level of income. B) level of income but not occupation. C) knowledge of fashion elsewhere, as well as the level of folk culture. D) occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere. E) fashion only.
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D) occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion
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30) Terroir refers to A) a group's sense of place. B) a group's food taboos. C) the relationship between the physical environment and culture. D) an act of violence that may have been, in part, a reaction against globalization. E) the sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item.
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E) the sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item.
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31) A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a A) folk culture. B) habit. C) popular culture. D) taboo. E) tariff.
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D) taboo.
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32) A taboo against pork is a characteristic of A) Judaism and Islam. B) Judaism and Buddhism. C) Christianity and Buddhism. D) Christianity and Hinduism. E) Islam and Hinduism.
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A) Judaism and Islam.
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33) Which aspect of the local environment is the least important for wine production? A) climate B) soil types C) topography D) proximity to lakes or a river E) proximity to cities
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E) proximity to cities
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34) Little wine is produced in Asia primarily because A) grapes do not grow in these regions. B) wines can be imported more cheaply. C) religious taboos discourage consumption. D) the people do not have a tradition of wine making. E) soil contaminants produce bad grapes.
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D) the people do not have a tradition of wine making.
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35) The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as A) the weakest available example of a folk custom. B) the folk custom least closely tied to a particular climate. C) more subject to modification than weapons. D) less subject to modification than clothing and weapons. E) a limited resource that would not keep up with population growth.
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D) less subject to modification than clothing and weapons.
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36) China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because A) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption. B) China's physical environment is less suitable to raising pigs. C) China has more people than the countries of Southwest Asia. D) rice is the main cereal grain grown in China. E) southwestern Asia does not have enough water for pig farming.
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A) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.
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37) Americans' preferences for beverages and snacks A) vary according to what is produced locally. B) do not vary from one region of the country to another. C) do not vary according to religious differences. D) are primarily dependent on income differences. E) All of these answers are correct.
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A) vary according to what is produced locally.
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38) In which state would alcohol consumption be relatively low? A) Kentucky B) Nevada C) New York D) Utah E) California
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D) Utah
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39) The distribution of alcohol consumption in the United States displays which characteristic of popular culture? A) rapid diffusion B) the lack of a correlation to level of income C) barriers owing to the physical environment D) local tastes in beer vary too much for national brands to compete effectively E) uniform distribution across the landscape
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A) rapid diffusion
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40) The ________ is an important source area for U.S. folk house types. A) Lower Chesapeake B) Southern Atlantic C) Northeast D) Upper New York highland E) Southwest
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A) Lower Chesapeake
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Ch. 5 1) A lingua franca is A) an English word that has entered the French language. B) a language understood by people who have different native languages. C) an extinct language that has been revived. D) an official language in a region of the world different from where the language originated. E) a language used by French colonial administrations.
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B) a language understood by people who have different native languages.
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2) The main difference between languages in the same family, branch, or group is how A) recently in time the languages were once the same. B) closely the speakers of each language live to one other. C) they correspond to the diffusion of free markets across much of the world. D) similar the cultures of the speakers of each language are. E) they all emerged at the same point in history, according to the Bible.
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A) recently in time the languages were once the same.
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3) A group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages is a A) dialect. B) language branch. C) language family. D) language group. E) language root.
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B) language branch.
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4) A group of languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history is a A) dialect. B) language branch. C) language family. D) language group. E) language root.
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C) language family.
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5) Basque is a good example of a(n) A) language family. B) globalizing language. C) language group. D) lingua franca. E) isolated language.
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E) isolated language.
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6) Franglais is A) the lingua franca of France. B) a dialect of French. C) the standard language of French. D) the use of English in the French language. E) a language used by French colonial administrations.
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D) the use of English in the French language.
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7) The geographic study of the distribution of languages provides a good example of A) the interplay between globalization and local diversity. B) the diffusion of folk culture in different areas of the world. C) the role and spread of religion across much of the world. D) the diffusion of free markets across much of the world. E) political conflicts that arise due to ethnic tensions.
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A) the interplay between globalization and local diversity.
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8) The two largest language families in the world are A) Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic. B) Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European. C) Afro-Asiatic and Sino-Tibetan. D) Balto-Slavic and Sino-Tibetan. E) Altaic and Nilo-Saharan.
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B) Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European.
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9) When languages are depicted as leaves on trees, the trunks of the trees represent A) dialects. B) language groups. C) language families. D) possible prehistoric superfamilies. E) language sects.
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C) language families.
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10) The language family encompassing the languages of the People's Republic of China is A) Indo-European. B) Indo-Iranian. C) Mandarin. D) Sino-Tibetan. E) Austro-Asiatic.
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D) Sino-Tibetan.
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11) The charts or diagrams in this chapter indicate that the percentage of Altaic language speakers in the world is greater than the percentage speaking ________ languages. A) Sino-Tibetan B) Austro-Asiatic C) Indo-European D) Niger Congo E) Austronesian
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B) Austro-Asiatic
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12) The charts or diagrams in this chapter indicate that the percentage of Austronesian language speakers in the world is greater than the percentage speaking ________ languages. A) Sino-Tibetan B) Dravidian C) Indo-European D) Niger-Congo E) Afro-Asiatic
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B) Dravidian
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13) The diagrams in this chapter show that the percentage of Sino-Tibetan speakers in the world is less than the percentage speaking ________ languages. A) Austronesian B) Indo-European C) Dravidian D) Altaic E) Niger-Congo
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B) Indo-European
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14) The maps in this chapter show that the second most widely spoken language family in Europe is A) Balto-Slavic. B) Indo-European. C) Romance. D) Uralic. E) Celtic.
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D) Uralic.
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15) Both the Angles and the Normans contributed to the development of the English language, because they A) spoke ancient English languages. B) invaded England. C) spoke languages derived from Latin. D) diffused English around the world. E) agreed to divide Ireland from England.
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B) invaded England.
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16) The first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in present-day A) France. B) Denmark. C) United States. D) Italy. E) Switzerland.
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B) Denmark.
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17) Dialects developed within England primarily because A) different Germanic invaders settled in different regions. B) the Normans invaded from the south. C) the Viking invaders did not remain long in England. D) British Received Pronunciation became the standard dialect. E) commerce developed more slowly in England than on the European continent.
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A) different Germanic invaders settled in different regions.
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18) Which of the following is not a Romance language? A) Bulgarian B) Italian C) Portuguese D) Romanian E) French
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A) Bulgarian
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19) The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as A) Official Latin. B) Romance language. C) standard language. D) Vulgar Latin. E) Catalan Latin.
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D) Vulgar Latin.
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20) The most widely spoken language in Brazil is A) Creole. B) French. C) Portuguese. D) Spanish. E) Catalan.
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C) Portuguese.
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21) The most widely spoken language in Argentina is A) Creole. B) French. C) Spanish. D) Portuguese. E) Catalan.
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C) Spanish
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22) The four most frequently spoken branches of Indo-European include all but A) Balto-Slavic. B) Celtic. C) Indo-Iranian. D) Romance. E) Germanic.
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B) Celtic.
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23) The two most important languages in South America are A) Dutch and English. B) English and Spanish. C) French and Spanish. D) Portuguese and Spanish. E) Creole and Portuguese.
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D) Portuguese and Spanish.
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24) Russian is part of what language branch? A) Balto-Slavic B) Germanic C) Indo-Iranian D) Romance E) Altaic
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A) Balto-Slavic
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25) The Kurgans A) conquered much of East Asia several thousand years ago. B) were a Germanic tribe that invaded England. C) were herders from the steppes of Central Asia. D) preserved Basque in present-day Spain. E) were the earliest speakers of Sino-Caucasian, which they diffused through conquest.
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C) were herders from the steppes of Central Asia.
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26) According to Colin Renfrew's research, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe A) entirely by sea. B) by way of the Kurgan homeland. C) with the conquests of warriors on horseback. D) with the diffusion of agriculture. E) following the traders on the silk road.
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D) with the diffusion of agriculture.
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27) Colin Renfrew's research constitutes much of the ________ Hypothesis. A) Nomadic Herder B) Kurgan Farmer C) Nomadic Warrior D) Sedentary Farmer E) Silk Road Trader
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D) Sedentary Farmer
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28) English is part of which language branch? A) Germanic B) Northern C) Western D) Indo-European E) Austronesian
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A) Germanic
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29) English is part of which language family? A) Germanic B) North Germanic C) West Germanic D) Indo-European E) Romance
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D) Indo-European
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30) Which group of the Germanic family is extinct? A) West Germanic B) North Germanic C) East Germanic D) South Germanic E) Uber Germanic
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C) East Germanic
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31) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the Germanic invaders of England included which groups or tribes? A) Germans, Normans, and Danes B) Brittans, Normans, and Welsh C) Irish, Welsh, and English D) Scots, Irish, and Welsh E) Angles, Jutes, and Saxons
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E) Angles, Jutes, and Saxons
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32) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, England was invaded by tribes from A) English-speaking areas B) Uric-speaking areas C) Native American-speaking areas D) Italian-speaking areas E) Germanic-speaking areas
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E) Germanic-speaking areas
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33) Analyzing the maps and diagrams in this chapter, we can see that the branch of Indo-European that includes Ukrainian is A) European. B) Balto-Slavic. C) Indo-Iranian. D) Romance. E) Germanic.
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B) Balto-Slavic.
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34) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the branch of Indo-European that includes Slovak is A) European. B) Balto-Slavic. C) Indo-Iranian. D) Romance. E) Germanic.
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B) Balto-Slavic.
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35) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the branch of Indo-European that includes Romanian is A) European. B) Romance. C) Indo-Iranian. D) Balto-Slavic. E) Germanic.
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B) Romance.
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36) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the branch of Indo-European that includes Haitian Creole is A) European. B) Romance. C) Indo-Iranian. D) Balto-Slavic. E) Germanic
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B) Romance.
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37) According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the branch of Indo-European that includes Rangpuri is A) European. B) Indo-Iranian. C) Romance. D) Balto-Slavic. E) Germanic.
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B) Indo-Iranian.
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38) Analysis of the maps and diagrams in this chapter shows that the branch of Indo-European that includes Kurdish is A) European. B) Indo-Iranian. C) Romance. D) Balto-Slavic. E) Germanic.
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B) Indo-Iranian.
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39) Analysis of the maps and diagrams in this chapter shows that the Dutch language is from the branch of Indo-European known as A) European. B) Germanic. C) Romance. D) Balto-Slavic. E) Indo-Iranian.
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B) Germanic.
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40) According to the diagrams in this chapter, Turkmen is part of what language branch? A) Altaic B) Germanic C) Indo-Iranian D) Romance E) Balto-Slavic
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A) Altaic
