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Vietnamization

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President Nixon's policy which was to withdraw the US troops from Vietnam over an extended period and then hand over the control to the South Vietnamese. (page 940)

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Nixon Doctrine

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Proclaimed that the US would honor its existing defense commitments but in the future Asians would have to fight their own wars without the support of large bodies of American ground troops. (page 940)

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Cambodia

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Without consent of congress, Nixon sent American forces to join the South Vietnamese and clean out the enemy sanctuaries in officially neutral Cambodia. (page 941)

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26th Amendment

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Lowered the voting age to 18 (page 942)

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Henry Kissinger

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Nixon's national security adviser who secretly met with North Vietnamese officials in Paris to negotiate an end to the war in Vietnam. (page 942)

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SALT

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Strategic Arms Litigation Talks- aimed at freezing numbers of long rage nuclear missiles for five years. (page 943)

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ABM Treaty

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Anti Ballistic Treaty which limited each nation to two clusters of defensive missiles, and to a series of arms reductions negotiations. (page 943)

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Gideon v. Wainwright

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In 1963 the court decided that all defendants in serious criminal cases were entitled to legal counsel, even if they were too poor to afford it.

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Warren Burger

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Chosen to succeed Earl Warren as chief justice during the Nixon administration. (page 944)

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Roe v. Wade

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Legalized abortion-1973 (page 944)

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EPA

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Environmental Protection Agency created during the Nixon administration (page 945)

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OSHA

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Occupational Health and Safety Administration (page 945)

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George McGovern

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Senator of South Dakota who ran against Nixon in the election of 1972. (page 946)

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Philadelphia Plan

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Nixon implemented this in 1969 requiring construction trade unions to establish \"goals and timetables\" for the hiring of black apprentices. (page 945)

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Pol Pot

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A murderous tyrant who dispatched as many as 2 million of his people to their graves. He was forced from power, ironically enough, only by a full dress Vietnamese invasion in 1978. (page 947)

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War Powers Act

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Passed in November of 1973 because of the issues in Cambodia. Required the president to report to Congress within forty-eight hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict or \"substantially\" enlarging American combat in a foreign country. (page 947)

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Watergate

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A scandal that happened on June 17, 1972 five men were arrested in the Watergate apartment-office complex in WA after a bungled effort to plant electronic \"bugs\" in the Democratic party's headquarters. They were soon revealed to be working for the Republican Committee for the Re-Election of the President or CREEP. The Watergate scandal turned out to be just one of Nixon's \"dirty tricks\" that included forging foreign documents to discredit Democrats, using the Revenue Service to harass innocent citizens etc. etc. (page 949)

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25th Amendment

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Clarifies an ambiguous provision of the Constitution regarding succession to the presidency, and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President as well as responding to presidential disabilities. (page 949)

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Jean Dean

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A former White House lawyer with a remarkable memory who accused top White House officials, including the president of obstructing justice by trying to cover up the Watergate break-in and silence its perpetrators. (page 949)

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Executive Privilege

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The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security. (page 950)

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Gerald Ford

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Became president after Nixon, due to the vote of congress. (page 952)

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Spiro Agnew

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The vice president of Nixon; shamefully resigned during the Watergate Scandal.

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Title IX

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1972 Congress passed this to the Education Amendments. Allowed women equal treatment in any kind of program. Most helped athletics. (page 956)

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Equal Rights Amendment

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Declared equality of rights for all people, and that they should not be discriminated against. Did not pass. (page 956)

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Energy Crisis

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Many Arab countries created embargo against US for support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War; and the Iran Revolution caused US to not have enough oil supplies for energy under the Carter administration

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Phyllis Schlafly

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Conservative spokeswoman who led the campaign to stop the ERA. (page 956)

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Bakke Case

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Allan Bakke took his case to Supreme Court when he did not get admitted into medical school, because he was white. Court ruled that college could not deny someone because of their race, but they had to consider it when assembling a diverse student body. (page 957)

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Wounded Knee

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Indian activists captured the nation's attention by seizing the island of Alcatraz and the village of Wounded Knee. (page 957)

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Jimmy Carter

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Democrat who ran against Ford in 1976, and won. (page 960)

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NOW

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National Organization of Women, 1966, Betty Friedan first president, wanted Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforce its legal mandate to end sex discrimination

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Leonid Brezhnev

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Seized power from Nikita Khrushchev and became leader of the Soviet Communist party in 1964. Ordered forces in to Afghanistan and Czechoslovakia.

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Kent State University

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Kent State was the location of one of the many college student protests against the Vietnam War. The protest ended with a clash against the police and the death of several students. The incident greatly decreased the support for U.S. involvement in Vietnam and caused even more protest and resentment.

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Iranian Hostage Crisis

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In 1979, Iranian fundamentalists seized the American embassy in Tehran and held fifty-three American diplomats hostage for over a year. The Iranian hostage crisis weaked the Carter presidency; the hostages were finally released on January 20, 1981, the day Ronald Reagan became president.

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Sam Ervin

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Sam Ervin was a senator from North Carolina. He was chairman of the Senate Select Committee to Investigate Presidential Campaign Practices during the Watergate scandal.

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Escobedo/Miranda

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Two supreme court cases that ensured the right of the accused to remain silent and other protection when accused of a crime

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Gloria Steinem

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Founder and original publisher of Ms. magazine, and was an influential co-convener of the National Women's Political Caucus.

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Pinochet

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Military dictator who rules Chile w/ iron fist for 20 yrs & is backed fully by US because he opposes communism; made ppl disappear

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Saturday Night Massacre

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Archibald Cox, the prosecutor of the Watergate scandal case who had issued a subpoena of the tapes, was fired. Both the attorney general and deputy general resigned because they, themselves did not want to fire Cox.

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Camp David Agreements

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Carter + Israeli + Egypt presidents 2 Camp David for peace talks. signed a treadty ending their conflicts. both presidents received Nobel prizes but the treaty was soon undermined

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Jackson State University

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10 days after Kent State shooting, this black school in Mississippi had state troops enter dormitories and began shooting wildly. Killed 2 and wounded 12.

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Southern Strategy

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The Southern Strategy was a term that described the Republicans' move to campaign in the south after it had broken with the Democrats over civil rights. This was the beginning of the Republican domination of the south American sees today in national politics.

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Plumbers

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Name given to the special investigations committee established along with CREEP in 1971. Its job was to stop the leaking of confidential information to the public and press.

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Bella Abzug

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First Jewish Congresswoman, serving from 1970 - 1976. Pushed for the ERA, day care centers and other working - mother benefits, and an end to sex discrimination. Anti - Vietnam and Selective Service. Appointed co - chair of the National Advisory Committee on Women by Carter in '77, fired by him in '78. \"Known for her loud, brassy eccentric ways, Bella's trademark big - brim hats could be spotted from a distance.\" (Evans)

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Kerner Commission

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a group that was appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence and that recommended the elimination of de facto segregation in American society

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Thomas Eagleton

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McGovern's running mate in the Democratic nomination. It was shortly discovered that he had undergone psychiatric care, forcing his removal from the ticket, and virtually dooming McGovern's candidacy.

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Clean Air Act

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1970- law that established national standards for states, strict auto emissions guidelines, and regulations, which set air pollution standardds for private industry

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Helsinki Accords

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The Final Act of the Helsinki conference in 1975 in which the thirty-five nations participating agreed that Europe's existing political frontiers could not be changed by force. They also solemnly accepted numerous provisions guaranteeing the human rights and political freedoms of their citizens.

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Pentagon Papers

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A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War.

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Daniel Elsberg

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Leaked Pentagon papers to the people and the press

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Enemies List

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People Nixon had something against or had done something to him

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Arab-Israeli War

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Lasted from 1948-1949 and shattered legitimacy of Arab ruling elite since Arab states entered the war poorly and unprepared. Eventually the United Nations negotiated a truce between the states but Israel had greatly extended its borders.

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Anwar Saddat

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Egyptian president during Camp David accords

Ch. 39 APush Terms

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