question

The least effective decision-making process used in critical thinking is:

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Establishing assumptions EFFECTIVE are: analyzing data, formulating conclusions, and synthesizing information

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The term metacognition refers to the critical-thinking skill of:

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self-reasoning

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Morality is defined as:

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commitment to informal, personal values

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When an ethical decision is made based on the reasoning of the "greatest good for the greatest number," the nurse is following the

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utilitarain theory

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Individual patient rights regarding the freedom of choice and the right to privacy are subsumed under the ethical principle of:

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autonomy

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Consider the ethical situation in which a nurse moves a confused, disruptive patient to a private room at the end of the hall so that other patients can rest, even though the confused patient becomes more agitated. The nurse's judgment is consistent with reasoning based on:

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"consequentialism," by which good consequences for the greatest number are maximized

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A hospital board of directors decided to close a pediatric burn treatment center (BTC) that annually admits 50 patients and to open a treatment center for terminally ill AIDS patients (with an expected annual admission of 200). This decision meant that the nearest BTC for children was 300 miles away. The board's decision was an example of ethical reasoning consisten with:

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utilitarianism

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A terminally ill patient asks the nurse whether she is dying. The nurse's response is influenced by the moral obligation to:

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consider all of the above measures before disclosing specific information

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A patient with a "Do Not Resuscitate" order requires large doses of a narcotic (which may significantly reduce respiratory function) for excruciating pain. After the patient requests pain medication, the nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. The nurse's ethical decision should be to:

answer

give the pain medication without fear of respiratory depression

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Choose the situation that most accurately represents a moral problem in contrast to a moral dilemma.

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A 32-year-old father of three with advanced cancer of the lungs ask that everything be done to prolong his life, even though his chemotherapy treatments are no longer effective

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Assessment, the first of five steps in the nursing process, begins with initial patient contact. Nursing activities during this component of the nursing process include:

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interviewing and obtaining a nursing history observing for altered symptomatology collecting and analyzing data

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The end result of data analysis during the assessment process is:

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identification of actual or potential health problems

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A therapeutic communication technique that validates what the nurse believes to be the main idea of an interaction is known as:

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restating

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An example of a medical diagnosis, in contrast to a nursing diagnosis is:

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fever of unknown origin

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In choosing the nursing action that illustrates planned nursing care prioritized according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a nurse would:

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administer pain medication to an orthopedic patient 30 minutes before transportation to physical therapy for crutch-walking exercises

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Consider the following nursing diagnosis: "Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements, related to inability to feed self." An example of an immediate nursing goal is that the patient will:

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master the use of special eating utensils to feed self

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Registered nurses are responsible for delegating patient care responsibilities to licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and ancillary personnel. The most appropriate task to delegate to a nurse aide is:

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making the bed of an ambulatory patient

question

There are three consistent themes threaded through all definitions of critical thinking. These themes are:

answer

a stong formal and informal foundation of knowledge, a willingness to pursue or ask questions, and an ability to develop solutions that are new, even if different from the current set of standards.

question

List 10 characteristics of critical thinkers as identified by Alfaro-LeFevre (2008).

answer

active thinker, fair, independent and open-minded, persistent, empathic, honest, organized and systematic, proactive, flexible, realistic, humble, logical, curious, and insightful. Critical thinkers are good communicators and are committed to excellence.

question

List 6 skills that are needed for nurses to be critical thinkers

answer

analysis, evaluation, explanation, inference, interpretation, and self-regulation

question

Compare and contrast the meaning of the following terms: moral dilemma, moral problem, moral uncertainty, and moral distress.

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A moral dilemma is a conflict between two or more moral principles (choose between the lesser of two evils). A moral problem occurs when moral claims/principles are competing but one clam/principle is dominant. Moral uncertainty occurs when there is confusion about a principle and there is a strong feeling that something is not right. Moral distress results when constraints stand in the way of pursuing the correct action.

question

Write the definition of nursing as proposed in Nursing's Social Policy Statement (ANA, 2003).

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Nursing practice encompasses the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, and populations

question

List five of the most common ethical issues that nurses face today:

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confidentiality, use of restraints, trust, refusing care, and end-of-life concerns

question

LIst two types of "advance directives" that specify a patient's wished before hospitalization:

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living will and a durable power of attorney

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Explain the concept of a "durable power of attorney."

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A "durable power of attorney" exists when a person identifies another person to make health care decisions on his or her behalf

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Autonomy

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Freedom of choice

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Beneficence

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The duty to do good and not inflict harm

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Justice

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Similar cases should be treated the same

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Nonmaleficence

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The expectation that harm will not be done

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Paternalism

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Limiting one's autonomy based on the welfare of another

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Veracity

answer

The commitment to not deceive

Ch. 3: Critical Thinking, Ethical Decision Making, & the Nursing Process – Flashcards

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