question

Name the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers major league baseball club who was instrumental in helping to break the "color barrier" in professional sports in America

answer

Branch Rickey

question

Name the young African American ballplayer who was at the center of Branch Rickey's bold attempt to break the color barrier in professional sports in America

answer

Jackie Robinson

question

List two facts about Jackie Robinson that illustrated he was not just some poor, uneducated black kid trying to use professional baseball to get out of the ghetto

answer

a. A promising athlete in college b. WWII Veteran

question

How did Branch Rickey "test" Jackie Robinson to see if he (Robinson) would be able to handle the disgusting, barbarian treatment he was likely to face in every ballpark during the course of a MLB season?

answer

Rickey acted the part of those who might try to discourage him.

question

What was Branch Rickey's advice to Jackie Robinson? What path did Rickey feel would be the best path for Jackie to take in order for him to withstand the onslaught of racist insults and behavior he would have to endure from "fans" wherever he went?

answer

Rickey answered, "I want a player with guts enough not to fight back."

question

In what year did Jackie Robinson join the Brooklyn Dodgers to become the first African American to play in the Major Leagues?

answer

1947

question

award did Jackie receive in 1947, his first year in the league?

answer

Rookie of the Year

question

If Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play in the "bigs", where did black baseball players compete up to this time?

answer

In a separate Negro league.

question

How about 1949? What award did he win in this year?

answer

In 1949, he was voted the league's most valuable player.

question

Name one of two local (Pittsburgh area) teams who participated in the old Negro Leagues

answer

Homestead Grays, Pittsburgh Crawfords

question

Answer the question following the Viewing History segment at the left side of pg. 930. How did Robinson's career serve thecause of civil rights?

answer

Robinson broke a professional race barrier and was a role model for young black men.

question

To what realization did millions of citizens come to after WWII with regard to the way minorities, especially blacks, had been treated by the white majority and the U.S. government?

answer

Millions of people believed that the time had come to demand that the nation live up to its creed that all are equal before the law.

question

Using New York City as an example, what effect did the south-to-north African American migration between 1910-1940 have on large northern cities?

answer

Between 1910 and 1940, the black population of New York City leaped from 60,000 to 450,000. Other cities experienced a similar growth in black population

question

What benefits did blacks achieve as their numbers grew in the large northern cities and a number of prominent African American citizens emerged?

answer

a. Political Influence b. Formed alliances with political machines. c. Offered votes in return for social gains.

question

What tradeoff occurred between FDR and the Democrats and the African Americans who had migrated north to the big cities? FDR and the Democrats received the black vote.... what did the blacks get?

answer

Under Roosevelt, the number of African Americans working for the federal government increased significantly

question

How did WWII affect African Americans in the U.S.?

answer

a. During the war, increased demands for labor in northern cities led to a rise in the black population in the North. b. The end of the war revealed the horrors of the Holocaust, and opened many people's eyes to the racism and discrimination taking place in the United States

question

For what does the initialism NAACP stand?

answer

the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

question

Why did the NAACP try for years to get the Plessy v. Ferguson decision overturned?

answer

that segregation of the races in public institutions and accommodations was constitutional as long as facilities were "separate but equal." In practice, equal facilities were rarely—if ever—the case

question

Who led the NAACP's legal defense fund during the early years?

answer

Thurgood Marshall

question

Remember the republican senator from Ohio who was Harry Truman's nemesis during Truman's terms in office? His name was Robert A. Taft, and he was known as "Mr. Republican". By what similar name was Thurgood Marshall known?

answer

Mr. Civil Rights

question

Name the other lawyer who was a member of the NAACP's legal defense fund who succeeded in winning more than $50 million in higher pay and better educational facilities for black students and teachers.

answer

Oliver Hill

question

What became the greatest and most important civil rights fight of all?

answer

Brown vs. Board of Education

question

Explain the basis of the Brown v. Board of Education case: Who sued whom, and why?

answer

In 1951, Oliver Brown sued the Topeka, Kansas, Board of Education to allow his 8-year-old daughter Linda to attend a nearby school for whites only.

question

In its unanimous decision on the case, what did the Supreme Court say about the "separate but equal" clause?

answer

In a unanimous decision, the Court declared that the "separate but equal" doctrine was unconstitutional and could not be applied to public education.

question

What additional ruling did the Court make the following year (1955)?

answer

A year later, the Court ruled that local school boards should move to desegregate "with all deliberate speed."

question

Who sat as chief justice of the Supreme Court and read the decision in court?

answer

Chief Justice Earl Warren

question

What one word describes the public's reaction to the Supreme Court's ruling?

answer

Mixed

question

How did many [northern] whites react to the decision?

answer

Many white Americans, even if they did not agree, accepted the decision and hoped that desegregation could take place peacefully

question

How did President Eisenhower feel about the Court's ruling?

answer

President Eisenhower, who privately disagreed with the Brown ruling, said only that "the Supreme Court has spoken and I am sworn to uphold the constitutional processes in this country, and I am trying. I will obey."

question

How did many southern whites, especially in the Deep South, react?

answer

Many southern whites, especially in the Deep South, to react with fear and angry resistance.

question

What statement by Governor Herman Talmage of Georgia expressed how many whites in the Deep South felt about integration?

answer

"not tolerate the mixing of the races in the public schools or any other tax-supported institutions."

question

What infamous group also became more active, threatening [with violence] those who advocated acceptance of the Brown decision?

answer

The Ku Klux Klan

question

In March of 1956, the congressional representatives of states in the Deep South joined together to protest the Supreme Court's order to desegregate public schools. More than 90 members of Congress expressed their opposition to the Court's ruling via a document that asserted that the Supreme Court had overstepped its bounds. What was the name of this document?

answer

the "Southern Manifesto." The congressmen asserted that the Supreme Court had overstepped its bounds and had "no legal basis for such action." The decision, they claimed, violated states' rights and was an example of "judicial usurpation."

question

True or false: The signers of the "Southern Manifesto" refused to comply with the Court's ruling.

answer

True

question

What event in December 1955 caused the nation's attention to shift from the courts to the streets of Montgomery, Alabama?

answer

In 1955, the nation's attention shifted from the courts to the streets of Montgomery, Alabama. In December, Rosa Parks, a seamstress who had been the secretary of the Montgomery NAACP for 12 years, took a seat in the middle section of a bus, where both African Americans and whites usually were allowed to sit. African Americans, however, were expected to give up their seats for white passengers if no available seats remained. When a white man got on at the next stop and had no seat, the bus driver ordered Parks to give up hers. She refused. Even when threatened with arrest, she held her ground. At the next stop, police seized her and ordered her to stand trial for violating the segregation laws

question

Whose idea was the Montgomery bus boycott?

answer

Jo Ann Robinson of the women's political counsel

question

Explain the details of the plan and how long the boycott was to last

answer

The plan called for African Americans to refuse to use the entire bus system until the bus company agreed to change its segregation policy.

question

Who became the spokesperson for this protest movement?

answer

Martin Luther King Jr

question

What reasoning did MLK give for enacting the boycott?

answer

"there comes a time where people get tired, we have no alternative but to protest"

question

How many African American participated in the boycott over the course of the year?

answer

50,000

question

Was the boycott successful? Did it force the bus company to change its policies?

answer

Despite losing money, the bus company refused to change its policies

question

How is it then, that bus segregation was ended in Montgomery in 1956?

answer

in 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation, like school segregation, was unconstitutional

question

Why do you think boycotts are effective? What types of boycotts are the hardest for boycotters to endure? Explain

answer

Boycotts are effective because businesses have to choose between making money and changing their ways.

question

Define integration

answer

the bringing together of different races

question

How did the governor of Arkansas stop nine African American students who were entitled to attend classes at Central High School in Little Rock from attending that school?

answer

posted Arkansas National Guard troops at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, and instructed them to turn away the nine African American students who were supposed to attend the school that year

question

Name the governor in question

answer

Governor Faubus

question

How did local residents feel about the nine black kids attending school with their children?

answer

Outside the school, mobs of angry protesters gathered to prevent the entry of the black students

question

What finally caused President Eisenhower to support desegregation?

answer

The defiance of Faubus which he saw as a threat to the constitution and his authority

question

What action did Eisenhower take that resulted in the nine African American students being able attend Central High School in Little Rock?

answer

Eisenhower acted by placing the National Guard under federal command. He then sent soldiers to Arkansas to protect the nine students

question

True or false: African Americans were the only minority group to demand equal rights

answer

False

question

What is LULAC, and when was it established?

answer

The league of united Latin American citizens established in 1929

question

Explain the case involving a returning WWII veteran where LULAC got involved and was able to right a wrong

answer

In one case, a funeral home in Texas refused to bury Felix Longoria, a World War II veteran who had died in the Philippines. Protests in the Mexican American community over the refusal finally led to the soldier's burial in Arlington National Cemetery

question

Two cases similar to Brown v. Board of Education were filed years before Brown v. Board of Education with respect to the education of Mexican American children. Elaborate on these two cases

answer

a. Mendes VS California 1947 b. Delgato VS Bastrop Indepent School District- Texas

question

Who was Dr. Hector Garcia and why is he mentioned in this section?

answer

Combat surgeon during WWII. When he came back from war, he saw other latino soldiers like herself were not being treated fairly. Formed American GI Forum which worked to promote Latino rights.

question

Explain the government's solution to the unique situation faced by the Native American minority?

answer

the government adopted a new approach, known as "termination," which sought to eliminate reservations altogether. The government's goal was to assimilate Native Americans into the mainstream of American life

question

How was the government's policy of termination received by Native Americans?

answer

The policy of termination met with resistance, and in time the federal government discarded it. Yet the problems of the Native Americans remained: poverty, discrimination, and little real political representation. For Native Americans, the civil rights advances of the 1950s were mere tokens of the real gains that were needed

question

What new integration plan did the federal government come up with to satisfy the injustices leveled against Native Americans and Native American schoolchildren?

answer

No alternative plan.

Ch 28 Section 1 History – Flashcards

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