Ch 22 Respiratory System – Flashcards
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Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
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it assists in the synthesis of vasodilators
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The upper respiratory tract extends
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from the nose through the larynx
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The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the
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nasal fossae
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Which two ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages
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vestibular and vocal ligaments
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The most numerous cells in the lungs are called
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dust cells
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Each alveolus is surrounded by a basket of blood capillaries supplied by
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the pulmonary artery
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Which of the following does not have cilia
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Terminal bronchiole
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What is the basic distinction between an alveloar duct and an alveolar atrium
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their shape
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Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except
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the epiglottis
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Which of the following cartillage is largest
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the thyroid cartilage
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_____ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of it's individual gases
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Dalton's Law
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In a healthy person which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonaryairflow
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bronchiole diameter
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The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inahled with maximum effort is called
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inspiratory reserve volume
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Vital capacity consists of
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expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
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Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what
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Kussmaul respiration
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Carbon dioxide is transported by all of the following means except
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carbonate
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Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a good samaritan have up to 4 to 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life?
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a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood
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During exercise which of the following directly increases respiratory rate
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anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
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Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air?
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an increase in membrane thickness
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The addition of CO2 to the blood generates____ ions in the RBC's, which in turn stimulates RBC's to unload more oxygen
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hydrogen
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Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation
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erythrocyte count
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Which has the highest concentration in the air we breathe
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nitrogen
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Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to _____ oxygen molecules
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4
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Normally the systemic arterial blood has a PO2 of ____mmHg, a Pco2 of _____ mm Hg and a pH of _____.
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95; 40; 7.4
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Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide
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carbonic anhydrase
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In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of it's oxygen
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20% to 25%
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Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue
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hypoxia
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Congestive heart failure results in which of the following
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ischemic hypoxia
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_____ is a lung disease marked by s reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hyersecretion and thick sputum
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chronic bronchitis
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Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia
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sickle-cell disease
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A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is
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emphysema
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In _____ the lungs are infected with mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis
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tuberculosis
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Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi
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adenocarcinoma
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Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in
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Ondine's curse
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Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa
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acute rhinitis
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Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid
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oxygen toxicity
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Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly producing a syndrome called
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pulmonary barotrauma
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The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in
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the medulla oblongata
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Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by ____ of the respiratory tract
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goblet cells
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The blood transports more CO2 in the form of _____than in any other form
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bicarbonate ions
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Among its other purposes the Valsalva maneuver is used
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to aid in defecation and urination
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Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphoglycerate. What would be the probable reason for doing so?
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erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well
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Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 ml; your vital capacity is 4700ml; and your dead air space is 150 ml. Your alveolar ventilation rate is ___ ml/min
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4,200
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Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute;spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 ml;your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 ml; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1200ml. Your vital capacity is ___ ml
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4,700
