ch 22: descent with modification – Flashcards
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Darwin originally defined evolution as...
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descent with modification
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an example of the process of evolution
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herbivory
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The scala naturae, or scale of nature, is based on the ideas of..
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aristotle
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At the time Darwin voyaged on the HMS Beagle, the popularly accepted theory in Western culture that explained the origin of Earth's plants and animals held that the various species had been created by ... a few thousand years before
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divine intervention
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Carolus Linnaeus is considered to be the founder of ....., and he thought that resemblances among different species reflected the pattern of their creation
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binomial classification system
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The modern idea of extinction as a common occurrence in Earth's history was first proposed in the early 19th century writings of ...
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cuvier
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what principle strongly influenced Darwin's view of how living organisms could change over time?
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uniformitarianism
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what did darwin propose as the mechanism of evolution?
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natural selection
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What insight did Darwin gain from reading Thomas Malthus's essay on human suffering?
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organisms have capacity to overproduce
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The breeding of plants and animals for particular traits by humans is called _____
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artificial selection
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The smallest unit that can evolve is a(n) _____
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population
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According to the theory of evolution, anatomical and molecular homologies should _____
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produce similar patterns of evolutionary relatedness
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Evidence from molecular biology supports the theory of evolution by demonstrating that _____
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closely related organisms have more similar DNA and proteins
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What did Darwin observe about species on islands?
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They are often closely related to species from the nearest mainland or neighboring islands
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An important challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species was the observation that seemingly dissimilar organisms such as hummingbirds, humans, and whales have similar skeletal structures. This most directly suggested to biologists that _____
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dissimilar organisms might have evolved from a distant, common ancestor
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Animals that possess homologous structures probably evolved from the...
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same ancestor
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On an evolutionary tree homologous characteristics for a ..... pattern
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nested
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remnants of structures that were useful to an organism's ancestors
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vestigial organs
