Ch. 20 US history test review – Flashcards
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How did fascism put Europe on the path to war?
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They believed that order in society and national greatness came through a dictator who led a strong gov and built an empire. It wanted to conquer other nations which lead to war
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What economic and political conditions following WWI encouraged dictatorships?
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Germany not being able to pay the debt of the Treaty of Versailles, along with the economic depression that followed, contributed to the rise of anti democratic gov in both Europe and Asia
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How does internationalism differ from isolationism?
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Internationalism: the idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war Isolationism: a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
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Identify three ways FDR assisted Britain while maintaining US neutrality.
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Lend-lease: allowed America to lend or lease arms to any country A hemispheric defense zone: FDR declared the entire western half of the Atlantic was part of the Western Hemisphere and was therefore neutral which allowed US to patrol the western Atlantic The Atlantic charter: secret meeting between FDR and Churchill
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What was the purpose of the concentration camps?
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The strong would work until they died
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What did Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin have in common?
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They were dictators
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Why were Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs persecuted by the Nazis?
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They were perceived as inferior to the Nazis
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Why did the US not waive its immigration quotas to let more Jewish refugees into the country?
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Bc it was nervous that the immigrants would take jobs away
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How did the terms of the Treaty of Versailles lead to hardship and discontent in Germany?
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Since they had to pay so much it led them in to a depression???
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What did hitler do to violate the Treaty of Versailles?
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He announced that Germany would build a new Air Force and begin a military draft that would greatly expand its army
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Why did Europe leaders try to negotiate with hitler?
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They did not want to go to war so they made concessions for him
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In what way might the army diplomatic stance of Britain and France have encouraged Hitler's militarism and expansion?
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Hitler thought that since they were giving him so much land that he could continue expanding his empire and use military force to get it????
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What set the events of Kristallnacht in motion?
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A Jewish refugee killed a German diplomat in Paris
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How was the Buchenwald concentration camp different from Treblinka and Auschwitz?
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Buchenwald was a concentration camp but Treblinka and Auschwitz were extermination camps
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What enabled dictators to come to power in Europe?
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The unjust treaty that ended WWI and economic depression
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Who was the first dictator to come to power in Europe?
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Benito Mussolini
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What is fascism?
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An aggressive movement that believed the state was more important than the individual
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How did Joseph Stalin maintain control over the Communist Party in the Soviet Union?
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Through fear and the murder of critics and others believed were against him
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By what other name was the national socialist German Workers' Party known?
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The Nazi Party
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I what work did Adolf Hitler lay out his ideology?
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Mein Kampf
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What was the purpose of the Munich Conference?
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To determine the fate of Czechoslovakia
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What was the policy of appeasement?
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The act of giving in to Hitler's demands in exchange for peace
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What specific action caused France and Britain to declare war on Germany?
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The German invasion of Poland
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What was the Battle of Britain?
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The battle between the German and British air forces over England
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Why was the Nye Committee established in 1934?
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To investigate the role the munitions markers had in the American decision to enter WWI
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What was the result of the Nye Committee's finding?
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More Americans moved toward isolationism
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What did the Neutrality Act of 1935 forbid?
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The sale of arms to any country at war
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Who belonged to the Axis Powers?
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Italy, Germany, and Japan
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The _______ Act allowed the US to send weapons to Britain if Britain promised to return them or pay rent for them when the war ended.
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Lend-Lease
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Talks between Roosevelt and Churchill in 1941 resulted in the ____________, which committed the two leaders to a postwar world of democracy and non-aggression.
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Atlantic Charter
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In presenting his "Four Freedoms" president Franklin Roosevelt was trying to
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Shift public opinion. Toward helping Britain
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The Neutrality Act of 1939
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Allowed the Allies to buy weapons on the same cash-and-carry basis as nonmilitary items
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What is internationalism?
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The idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war
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Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,
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Congress declared war against Japan; Germany then declared war on the United States.
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The Hebrew term for the Holocaust is Shoah, which means __________.
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Catastrophe
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What did the Nuremberg Laws forbid?
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Marriage between Jews and non-Jews
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Why did many Jews remain in Germany even after their sources of income and citizenship had been stripped of them?
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Because many bad lives in Germany they were reluctant to give up
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What prompted Hitler to stage Kristallnacht?
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A Jewish refugee killed a German diplomat in Paris
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What's was the Gestapo?
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The German government's secret police force
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What of the following was trey result of Kristallnacht?
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Many Jews fled Germany
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Which of the following was NOT a factor in the restriction of Jewish immigration to the US?
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The US had already developed plans to invade Germany
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The refusal of American officials to allow a ship with Jewish refugees to and in Florida was referred to as _____________.
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The ST. Louis affair
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At the Wannsee Conference, the Nazis determined that they would round up all the Jewish people in Germany and ______.
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Send them to concentration camps
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What was the purpose of an extermination camp?
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To kill as many Jews as possible in gas chambers
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Who introduced fascism?
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Mussolini
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What is fascism?
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nationalistic movement that considered the nations more important than the individual
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What title did Mussolini take on and who did he attack first?
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ll Duce; Ethiopia
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Who was one of the greatest tyrants of all time?
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Stalin
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What are collectives?
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Then combining of family farms that became the government farms
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What was Hitler's manifesto? And what did it mean?
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Mein Kampf; my struggle
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What did Hitler call himself?
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Fuhrer
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What did Hitler call the Nazi regime?
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The Third Reich
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Who became the dictator of Japan?
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Hideki Tojo
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Who did Tojo invade?
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Manchuria
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In 1940 what did Germany, Italy and Japan form?
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The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis (evil axis)
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What policy did the countries of Europe adopt toward Hitler?
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Appeasement
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What was Hitler's first aggressive act?
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Moving troops into the Rhineland
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What line did Hitler construct?
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Siegfried Line
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What is Anschluss?
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The illegal political unification with Austria
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What was the Munich Pact?
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France and Britain agreed to allow Hitler to take the Sudetenland
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Who signed the Non-Aggression Pact and what did it agree to do?
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Germany and Russia; not to attack each other
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What was the official start date of WWII?
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September 1, 1939
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What is blitzkrieg?
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Lightening war
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What was the Miracle of Dunkirk?
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The allied army was Able to to escape across the English Channel using any boat they could
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What was the Battle of Britain?
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Hitler ordered a complete blockade around Britain and ordered the Luftwaffe to bomb Britain airfields
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Who said "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few"
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Winston Churchill
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What was Operation Sealion?
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The German name for the invasion of Great Britain
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Who was the leader of the Nye Committee?
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Senator Gerald Nye
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What was the Nye Committee
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Investigated the accusations that large business influenced the decision to go to war (WWII)
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What was isolationism?
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Do not get involved with other countries
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What was the Neutrality Act of 1935?
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Made it illegal to sell any country at war
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What was the Neutrality Act of 1937?
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In response to Germany, Italy, and Japan forming the Axis Powers; continued ban on selling arms but added any non-military supplies had to be paid in cash
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What is internationalism?
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The idea that trade between countries creates prosperity and helps prevent war
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What was the Neutrality act of 1939?
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Permitted sale of weapons only on a cash-and-carry basis
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What was the Destroyers-for-Bases Deal?
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A loop hole in the Neutrality Act; gave 50 ships to Great Britain in exchange for America's use of British bases in the Atlantic
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What was the Lend-Lease Act?
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Allowed America to lend or lease arms to any country considered "vital to the defense of the United States"
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What was the hemispheric defense zone?
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FDR declared the entire western half of the Atlantic was part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral; enabled U.S. to patrol the western Atlantic
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What was the Atlantic Charter?
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Secret meeting between Winston Churchill of Great Britain to discuss their respective war aims for WWII and to outlive a postwar international system
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What led the US to joining the war?
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Japan attacking Pearl Harbor on dec. 7, 1941
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What was the Holocaust?
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The killing of 6 million Jews by the Germans in concentration camps
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What is the Hebrew word for holocaust and what does it mean?
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Shoah; "catastrophe"
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What were the Nuremberg Laws?
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Took citizenship away from German Jews; banned marriages between Jews and Germans; Jews also could not hold pubic office
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What was Kristallnacht?
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Night of violence against Jews in Austria and Germany; meaning "night of broken glass"
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What was the "final solution"?
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Was to round the Jews and send them to detention centers known as concentration camps
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What were concentration camps?
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The strong would work until they died
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What were extermination camps?
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They were attached to the concentration where people would get killed immediately
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What was one of the largest camps?
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Buchenwald
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What were two of the most famous extermination camps?
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Treblinka and Auschwitz
