question

A function of the venous system includes:

answer

holding more blood when blood volume increases (walls of veins are thinner and more distensible)

question

Which organs aid the lymphatic system:

answer

Spleen, thymus and tonsils

question

What are the four functions of the spleen?

answer

1- destroy old red blood cells 2- produce antibodies 3- restore red blood cells 4- filter microorganisms from the blood

question

Tonsils (types and function)

answer

Palantine Lingual Pharyngeal *all respond to local inflamation

question

Function of the Thymus

answer

Important in developing T-cells in children.

question

Nodes associated with the lymphatic system:

answer

Cervical Axillary Epitrochlear Inguinal

question

What portion of the body do the cervical nodes drain?

answer

the head and neck

question

What portion of the body do the axillary nodes drain?

answer

breast and upper arm

question

What portion of the body does the epitrochlear node drain and where is it located?

answer

Located in the anticubital fossa and drains the hand and lower arm.

question

What do the inguinal nodes drain?

answer

most of the lymph of the lower extremity, the external genitalia, and the anterior abdominal wall.

question

The right lymphatic duct:

answer

Empties into the right subclavian vein. It drains the: head and neck right arm right side of thorax right lung and pleura right upper section of the liver.

question

The thoracic duct:

answer

Empties into the left subclavian vein. Empties the rest of the body.

question

Pitting edema grading scale:

answer

1+ mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of legs (sock line) 2+ moderate pitting, indentation subsides quickly 3+ deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg look swollen 4+ very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is grossly swollen and distorted.

question

Bilateral , dependent pitting edema occurs:

answer

with heart failure with a lymphatic obstruction

question

Unilateral edema occurs:

answer

with occlusions of a deep vein with a lymphatic obstruction

question

Aging has what effect on intramuscular calf veins:

answer

a progressive enlargement

question

To screen for DVT you:

answer

measure the calf circumferance at the widest point and compare with measurment of the other calf.

question

When examining a patient for arterial deficit in the lower extremities, color should return to the leg in:

answer

10 seconds or less

question

Atrohpic skin changes that occur with peripheral arterial insufficiency include:

answer

Appearance of thin, shiny, skin with loss of hair.

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Intermittent claudication includes:

answer

muscular pain brought on by exercise.

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A know risk for venous ulcer development is:

answer

Obesity

question

Arteriosclerosis is caused by:

answer

the loss in elasticity of blood vessels as people age.

question

Raynaud phenomenon occurs:

answer

in hand and feet as a result of exposure to cold, vibration, and stress.

question

Peripheral Vascular System of the arm and head Include:

answer

Arteries--> *Temporal *Carotid *Arteries of the arm: Brachial Radial Ulnar Veins--> *Jugular *Veins in the arm Superficial/Deep

question

PVS of the legs include:

answer

Arteries--> *Femoral *Popliteal *Posterior Tibialis *Doral Pedis Veins--> Femoral Popliteal Great and small sephenous

question

Where do you palpate an infants pulse

answer

Brachial Artery

question

Mechanisms that aid in venous return:

answer

Contracting skeletal muscles Inspiration-->creates a pressure gradient making thoracic pressure decrease and the abdominal pressure increase Intraluminal valves- ensure unidirectional flow (called the leg heart in the calves)

question

Structure of veins

answer

Walls are thinner than arteries since venous pressure is lower Intraluminal valves are present preventing back flow of blood. Lack VSM (vascular smooth muscle) Larger in diameter and more distensible. --> called capacitance vessels due to their ability to stretch (reducing stress on the heart)

question

Function of Lymphatics:

answer

Form a major part of the immune system, guarding against Disease and microorganisms. Absorption of lipids from the small intestine To conserve fluid and plasma proteins that leak form cappilaries

question

Lymph nodes in adults vs children:

answer

Adults-->atrophy (adnoids) Children-->enlarge

question

Arteriosclerosis

answer

The thickening and hardening of wall of the arteries

question

Lymphatic system and aging:

answer

arteriosclerosis--> increases SBP progressive enlargement of intramuscular calf veins prolonged bed rest and sitting and HF-->increased risk of DVT and PE **Indicators of arterial insufficiency-->skin looks thin and shiny (stretched and taut) thick nails and decreased leg hair

question

When palpating lymph nodes note:

answer

tenderness--> consistency--> (firm or gel-like, fixed or mobile) Shape--> regular (the smaller the better)

question

Lymph assessment Objective Data to collect for the arms.

answer

Skin Profile sign (of nail bed) Capillary refill time <3sec Symmetry Brachial Pulse Epitrochlear Lymph node (mild palpation, massage down length of arm beginning in the pit of the elbow) Modified Allen Test: to assess Radial and Ulnar sufficiency

question

Lymph assessment Objective Data to collect for the legs:

answer

Skin and hair Symmetry (size, color, lesions) Temp. Calf muscles Inguinal lymph nodes Femoral Pulse Popliteal Pulse Posterior Tibial Pulse Dorsalis Pedis Pulse Pretibial edema Leg veins Additional Techniques: doppler ultrasonic stethoscope Ankle brachial index: *ankle pressure should be higher than brachial since it is further from the heart *normal is 1.0-1.2 Calf muscle pain and size variation may indicate DVT (Holman Sign)

question

Abnormal findings:

answer

Weak thready pulse- 1+ indicates: decreased CO, PAD, Aortic valve stenosis Full bounding pulse- 3+ indicates: hyperkinetic states (exercise, anxiety, and fever), anemia, hyperthyroidism Arterial (Ischemic) Ulcer: insufficient perfusion to areas due to hardening, calcification of arterial wall. Venous (stasis Ulcer)- after acute DVT or chronic incompetent valves. -->account for about 80% of lower leg ulcers

question

Describe the structure of arteries:

answer

Contain elastic fibers allowing walls to stretch. Contain vascular smooth muscle (VSM) that create a wave action to move blood.

question

Define Capacitance Vessels

answer

those with the ability to stretch (reducing stress on the heart) to accommodate greater volumes of blood.

question

List the symptoms area to address during history taking of the peripheral vascular system:

answer

Leg pain/cramps Skin changes in arms and legs Lymph node enlargement medications Smoking history

question

List the skin characteristics expected with arterial insufficiency to the lower legs:

answer

Skin appears taut and shiny Lack of leg hair

Ch 20 Peripheral Vascular System & Lymphatic System – Flashcards

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