CH. 19: SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – Flashcards
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What contribution did Henry Bessemer make to the steel industry?
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Boom in R.R industry made steel quicker and easier to make
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New technologies in the steel industry in the late 1800's led to increase in what industry?
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Railroad
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What did Thomas Edison invent?
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electric light bulb
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Who invented the telephone?
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Alexandar Graham Bell
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the invention of the airplane led to increased demand for which natural recources?
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oil
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How did the telegraph differ from the telephone?
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Telegraph: needed specifically trained ppl, not private, morse code, took long, telephone: quick, anyone , private
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What effect did the moving assembly line, introduced by Henry Ford, have on the automobile industry?
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increased production making cars quicker to produce more affordable
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When can stockholders sell their stock?
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Whenever to whomever
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How did Anderw Carnegie manage to keep production costs for his seel mills low?
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he bought/ got the iron ore mines, coalfeilds, and railroads needed to supply and support his steel mills
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What business practice did John D. Rockefeller use?
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horizontal integration and vertical integration
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Explain horizontal and verical integration
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horizontal integration is owning all businesses in a certain feild vertical integration is ownership of businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process.
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Define Social Darwinism
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a veiw of society based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection which the rich used to say why they became rich and to justify their actions. the belief that the wealthy had a duty to aid the poor
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Explain the Sherman Antitrust Act
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a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained trade
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Why were monopolies criticized?
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ppl belived that big businesses used unfair business practices.
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Why did working conditions decline in American Industries in the late 1800s?
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Fredrick W Taylor's book, "The Principles of Scientific Managment", which urged managers to think f their employees as interchangable parts of the production process.
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What was an effect of factory specialization in the late 1800s?
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bored, tired, injury, poor working conditions
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Who was Mary Harris Jones?
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represented women in the labor movement
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What was Samuel Gomper's role in the labor movement?
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led the American Federation of Labor, so he wanted workers and their conditions to be better.
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Explain collective bargaining
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(all workers acting together) with this workers had a much greater chance of success in negotiating with the managment
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How did the government respond to the Homestead and Pullman Strikes?
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Pullman: pres. sent federal troops to Chicago to stop the strike Homestead: gov'n'r called state militia to bring order.
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How did the Bessemer process increase steel production?
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made steel cheaply and quickly= easier to make
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Who introduced the assembly line? How did it help production?
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Henry Ford. greatly reduced the cost of building a product
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Who made day-to-day business decisions in corporations?
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board of directors
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What strike was a protest against Carnegie steel comp?
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Homestead strike
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Name of a riot where a bomb killed 8 police officers and injured many others.
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Haymarket Riot
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What did the Bessemer Process do?
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blasted hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities
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Why did Thomas Edison create a power plant?
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many homes and businesses could not get electricity so he had to create a power plant
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Who is responsible for paying corporation business debts?
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corporations
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What was horizontal integration? Who used it?
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owning all businesses in a certain felid. Rockefeller.
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How did the gov'n'r of Pennsylvania react to the Homestead strike?
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called for strike breakers, then when things got out of hand, he called for the state militia
