ch 19 – History – Flashcards
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What late nineteenth-century development did New York City's Brooklyn Bridge symbolize?
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c. The ascendancy of urban America.
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In which American cities did the population exceed one million people by 1900?
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c. New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia .
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Which of the following factors contributed significantly to the astonishing growth in America's urban population between 1870 and 1900?
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? b. European migration to the United States
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Which of the following describes the world economy at the turn of the twentieth century?
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c. An industrial core, an agricultural domain, and a third world tied to the industrial core by economic colonialism
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What circumstances enabled U.S. industrialists to hire cheap labor from around the world in the 1870s?
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d. railroad expansion and low steamship fares brought many immigrants to America.
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After 1880, most new immigrants to America originated from ?
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d. eastern and southern Europe
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Which of the following describes the majority of immigrants' lifestyles in the United States after 1900?
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a. They lived in cities because jobs were available there and because they did not have the money to buy land
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How did the process of mechanization affect U.S. industrialists hiring and employment practices in the late nineteenth century?
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a. It allowed industrialists to replace skilled laborers with lower-paid, unskilled immigrant laborers.
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The racism directed at ethnic immigrant groups in America in the late nineteenth century?
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b. the perception that ethnic and religious differences were racial characteristics.
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Some established immigrant groups viewed more recent immigrants as?
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a. not being a part of the white race.
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Southern blacks migrated to northern cities in the 1890s
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c. for economic opportunities and safety.
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Congress approved a literacy test for immigrants in 1896?
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c. as a means of limiting the influx of uneducated people into the country
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As middle-and upper-class urbanites moved to new areas of their cities, poor city dwellers?
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b.They stayed in the neighborhoods near the factories
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What did Jacob Riis achieve with his best-selling "How the Other Half Lives (1890)?
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c. He forced middle-class Americans to acknowledge the degraded reality of the poor.
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Which group constituted the backbone of the American labor force throughout the nineteenth century?
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c. unskilled laborers
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Working as a skilled craftsman in America in the late nineteenth century?
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b. it did not ensure financial security
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Employers sought to limit the control of skilled workers on the shop floor in the late nineteenth century?
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b. by replacing skilled workers with machines.
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Which of the following developments changed the U.S. garment industry in the 1850s?
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a. Independent tailors were replaced by sweatshop workers
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Which of the following describes the economics survival of the nineteenth -century American working-class family?
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a. family's survival depended on the employment
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How did the percentage of children under age fifteen working in the paid labor force in the United States change during the years leading up to World War I?
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?b. it dropped
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Where did married black women typically work to supplement their family in the late nineteenth century United States?
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a. Outside the home as domestics
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How did business expansion and consolidation affect the social structure in the late nineteenth century United States?
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c. A new class of white male salaried managers emerged.
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The direction of corporate goals and policies in the late nineteenth century was increasingly shaped by?
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d. Managers and executives
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The advent of the adding machine, typewriter, and cash register had the greatest impact on ?
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b. literate white women.
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Most white native-born women who worked at the end of the nineteenth century held ?
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c. Clerical jobs in offices
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What developed as a result of the opening of department stores in the late nineteenth century United States?
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a. A new consumer culture
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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was ?
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?b the result of a coalition of labor unions
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What was the main lesson learned by workers from the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
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a.They lacked power individually, but might gain it through a union
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The Knights of Labor was?
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? a. An american labor organization founded in 1869 to protect the rights of workers (membership open to all workers Terrene Powerdly:Leader
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During the 1880s, the Knights of Labor advocated for
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c.public ownership of the railroads, an income tax, equal pay for women, and the abolition of child labor.
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Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of Labor,
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c.focused on higher pay and better working conditions.
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The Haymarket affair of 1886
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a. began as a rally of laborers organized by radicals.
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Which of the following was an outcome of the Haymarket affair?
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c.Skilled workers turned toward the American Federation of Labor
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Throughout much of the nineteenth century, middle-class American women were confined by a cultural ideology that dictated that they ?
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c. Exist within the private sphere of the household
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How did live-in servants change households in the North by 1870?
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a. They enabled middle-class white women to explore opportunities outside the home
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Beginning in the 1870s, American men of all classes were united in their passion for?
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a. baseball
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In the late 1800s, Coney Island symbolized ?
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d. rise of mess entertainment in America.
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What occurrence facilitated the emergence of the modern skyscraper emerged in the 1890s?
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b.the advent of structural steel
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New York City's Central Park was planned to provide ?
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c.To create a natural oasis away from the busyness of the city
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The public school system in American cities provided ?
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d. free tuition and open access to all children.
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Late-nineteenth century American libraries?
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a. They made up the most extensive free public-library system in the world
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Which of the following describes the advantages of American city life in the 1890s?
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d.The amenities were not easily available to the poor residents in the cities
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By the turn of the twentieth century, most big-city governments were run ?
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c. by compromise and the accommodation of various powerful political forces
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How did Detroit's reform mayor Hazen Pingree achieve political success in the 1890s?
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a. He followed the city bosses model of providing public works and social reform.
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What was the White City, which was constructed in 1893 five miles down the shore from Chicago?
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? a. a shelter for Chicago's homeless and unemployed