question

Which of these is NOT true of the autonomic nervous system?

answer

It is composed only of fibers that have an inhibitory function on various organs of the body.

question

You spray an insect with common insecticide that destroys the ability of acetylcholinesterase to recycle acetylcholine. What then happens?

answer

The insect loses control of body functions as nerve impulses flow continuously.

question

Which of the following does NOT pertain to neurons?

answer

cell walls

question

What are the potential effects of heavy marijuana usage?

answer

Hallucinations, anxiety, depression, body image distortion, and other psychotic symptoms.

question

Heroin binds to receptors on neurons that travel from the spinal cord to the region of the brain that feels pleasure. These receptors are normally meant for

answer

endorphins.

question

Which of the following is not a way that a drug affects the brain?

answer

builds up along the outside of the brain because it cannot pass the blood-brain barrier

question

A nerve impulse is caused by

answer

a change in the difference in positive and negative ions on the outer and inner surfaces of the neuron membrane, a change that opens adjacent channels and propagates its flow.

question

In Figure 17.4 of an action potential, number 1 indicates the movement of

answer

Na+ to the inside.

question

The primary functions of the spinal cord involve

answer

reflex actions and communication between the brain and peripheral nerves.

question

The difference between a weak stimulus and an intense stimulus is

answer

the axon fires at a greater frequency for an intense stimulus.

question

The membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord are called

answer

meninges.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the cerebrum?

answer

It is responsible for maintenance of breathing and heart rate.

question

Which description best fits the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

answer

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, located in the midline of the body.

question

Language is NOT dependent on

answer

the spinal cord

question

Which statement is NOT true about the development of an action potential?

answer

The action potential ends when the polarity across the membrane reaches +40 mV.

question

Which part of a simple reflex takes the message away from the CNS?

answer

motor neuron

question

The brains of Alzheimer disease patients show no abnormalities post-mortem.

answer

false

question

The limbic system is a separate part of the brain located behind the cerebellum on top of the brain stem.

answer

false

question

Which statement is true regarding the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic motor pathways?

answer

Both divisions have two neurons per message.

question

In order for transmission across the synapse to occur,

answer

synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane.

question

Dendrites

answer

carry impulses toward a cell body.

question

Neurotransmitters are molecules that cross the synaptic cleft via

answer

passive diffusion and either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.

question

Which is the correct arrangement of tissues from outermost to innermost?

answer

vertebrae → meninges → spinal cord → central canal

question

In the axon, the nerve impulses travel

answer

away from the cell body.

question

Why does the primary somatosensory area have a larger section dedicated to the fingers and hand, than to the feet and toes?

answer

the fingers and hand are how we take in more sensory information from our surroundings than the feet and toes

question

People claim that once you have learned to ride a bicycle you can always ride a bicycle, even if you haven't ridden for a long time. What type of memory is associated with this?

answer

skill memory

question

How fast a person can type or play the piano is ultimately limited by the number of impulses a person can send to their finger muscles per second. This in turn is limited by

answer

the speed with which sodium ion can be pumped back outside the neuron membrane.

question

Which of the following is not part of the brain?

answer

the meninges

question

Nicotine is not considered a drug because it does not affect the body physically.

answer

false

question

Which part of the brain contains centers for the heartbeat and respiration?

answer

medulla oblongata

question

Which of the following is not a symptom of addiction to a certain drug?

answer

the drug continues to cause physical or psychological changes in your body

question

Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron is NOT dependent on

answer

a refractory period.

question

Which of the following is the best description of the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

answer

myelin sheath lesions impair normal coordination of impulses

question

What are the two parts of the diencephalon?

answer

the hypothalamus and the thalamus

question

Which amino acid, in mice, was discovered to play a role in memory?

answer

glutamate

question

Which of the following drugs is a powerful CNS stimulant?

answer

methamphetamine

question

When the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is cut,

answer

incoming sensory nerve impulses are lost.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the myelin sheath?

answer

It decreases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

question

Which structures are associated with the limbic system?

answer

cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, and diencephalon

question

Which is NOT a correct association of brain structures and functions?

answer

thalamus—regulates heartbeat and blood pressure

question

Which limbic structure allows us to respond to and display anger and also prompts the release of adrenaline into the bloodstream?

answer

amygdala

question

Administration of norepinephrine would

answer

dilate the bronchi and increase oxygen for blood.

question

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain in humans.

answer

true

question

In Figure 17.16, the structure at "c" is a(n)

answer

interneuron.

question

A stroke results from a disruption of the blood supply to the brain.

answer

true

question

A post-synaptic membrane

answer

must be either a dendrite membrane or cell body membrane.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the autonomic nervous system?

answer

It functions voluntarily and consciously.

question

Spinal nerves contain

answer

both sensory and motor fibers.

question

Generally, nerve impulses do not move "backward" along a series of neurons. What is the reason for this?

answer

There is a short refractory period during which sodium gates cannot open and an action potential cannot move backwards.

question

A reflex

answer

is an automatic, involuntary response.

question

Which of the following is a long-term effect of heroin use?

answer

The body decreases the production of endorphins.

question

An impulse traveling up the spinal cord first enters the brain at the

answer

medulla

question

Which is NOT a correct association of memory type?

answer

semantic memory—non-language memory

question

In dissection, most nerve fibers appear gray to white because

answer

they are mostly myelin sheath made of lipid or fat molecules.

question

The likely effect on a neuron of two excitatory signals and twenty inhibitory signals is

answer

prohibiting the axon from firing at all.

question

In Figure 17.4, number 3 represents

answer

action potential.

question

Since the membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+,

answer

there are always more positive ions outside the membrane than inside.

question

Which is NOT a correct association of structure and function?

answer

sensory neuron—controls sensory organs such as eyes

question

If you have extreme difficulties learning how to hit a baseball or play the piano, there may be a problem with your cerebellum.

answer

true

question

Consciousness is best associated with the

answer

cerebrum

question

The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine within the synaptic cleft is

answer

acetylcholinesterase

question

Certain people have an inability to speak due to brain damage. The most likely area of the brain that has been damaged is

answer

Broca's area.

question

Due to experimentation, it was discovered that which structure was involved in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories?

answer

hippocampus

question

Which structure communicates with the prefrontal area of the brain and is involved in learning and memory?

answer

hippocampus

question

Myelinated axons that run together in bundles in the CNS are

answer

tracts

question

Which description bets fits the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

answer

Nerves that carry sensory messages to the CNS and motor commands to the muscles and glands.

question

Carpal tunnel syndrome results in damage to the median nerve, resulting in lack of control to the wrist and also numbness. This indicates that

answer

the nerve contained both sensory and motor neurons.

question

The main function of the cerebrospinal fluid is

answer

to cushion and protect the central nervous system.

question

Myasthenia gravis can be treated with immunosuppressive drugs although there is no cure.

answer

true

question

A nerve is

answer

composed of the long fibers of long axons.

question

Which type of memory is associated with specific facts, persons, and events?

answer

episodic

question

When individuals experience fear and pleasure, what part of the brain has been stimulated?

answer

limbic system

question

Which of the following is not a function of the cerebrum?

answer

maintains posture and balance

question

Saltatory conduction occurs when

answer

the action potential jumps from node to node.

question

What are the long-term consequences associated with the use of cocaine?

answer

A decrease in dopamine production.

question

The sodium/potassium pump is primarily responsible for the

answer

resting potential.

question

When anyone severs his spinal cord, as Christopher Reeve did in a horse riding accident, they suffer a loss of sensation and a loss of voluntary control.

answer

true

question

Which is NOT a correct association of disease with cause or symptoms?

answer

fetal alcohol syndrome—increased intelligence and physical performance

question

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals in a neuron is called

answer

synaptic integration.

question

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases?

answer

Patients with AD produce too much beta amyloid while those with PD produce too little dopamine.

question

Jeremy has developed a problem with regulating his waking/sleeping cycle and regulating his body temperature. Doctors suspect he may have a brain lesion. Where might this lesion be located?

answer

in the hypothalamus

question

Most illicit drugs affect the action of the brain by interfering with the Na+-K+ pump and nerve impulses.

answer

false

question

One group of neurotransmitters retards heart rate, promotes digestion, contracts the eye pupil, etc. The other group has the opposite effect. These drugs are affecting the

answer

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

question

What is the definition of learning?

answer

The ability to retain and utilize past memories.

question

Which disease is associated with mild tremors in one or more limbs, abnormally high levels of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid and onset between the ages of 40 and 60?

answer

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

question

Which part of the brain is used to integrate incoming information and send it to the appropriate portion of the cerebrum?

answer

thalamus

question

Which types of cells are found only in the Central Nervous System?

answer

interneurons

question

What are the interconnecting spaces that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid in the brain called?

answer

ventricles

question

Both meningitis and kuru involve infectious agents.

answer

true

question

In Figure 17.16, the structure at "a" is a(n)

answer

effector

question

Which brain structure serves as a bridge between the sensory association areas and the prefrontal area?

answer

hippocampus

question

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?

answer

occipital

question

Which is a combination of physiological and psychological dependence?

answer

increasing a drug to get the same effect and preoccupation with trying to get more drugs

question

Which body part is associated with only the primary somatosensory area?

answer

genitals

question

Which part of the brain is a seahorse-shaped structure deep in the temporal lobe?

answer

hippocampus

Ch 17 – Nervous System – Flashcards

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