ch 15 – Assignment Writing – Flashcards
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Justices appointed by presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush have moved the Court in a more ____ direction on issues, including affirmative action and abortion.
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conservative
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In ____ cases, the government is always the plaintiff.
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criminal
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In what kind of case does the plaintiff charge that it has suffered because of another's violation of a specific agreement between the two?
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contract
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Stare decisis is a Latin phrase that means
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let the decision stand.
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Federal court jurisdiction extends to
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federal statutes, treaties, and the U.S. Constitution.
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A negotiated agreement in a criminal case in which a defendant agrees to tell the court that he or she is guilty in return for the state's agreement to reduce the severity of the criminal charge or prison sentence the defendant is facing is known as a
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plea bargain.
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What is the term for a court's sphere of power and authority?
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jurisdiction
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Which federal judges are appointed for life?
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All Article III judges are appointed for life.
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Known as the Great Writ, ____ is guaranteed by the Constitution and can be suspended only in cases of rebellion or invasion.
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habeas corpus
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The Constitution gives the Supreme Court ____ jurisdiction in cases involving foreign ambassadors and issues in which a state is a party.
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original
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Each _____ court exercises _____ jurisdiction over cases heard by the district courts within its region.
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circuit; appellate
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U.S. district court decisions are made by
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a single federal judge.
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Opinion assignment when he or she is in the majority is an important power of the ____.
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chief justice
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Because the Supreme Court has so much influence over American law and politics, virtually all presidents have made an effort to select justices who ____.
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share their political philosophies
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What is the name for the practice whereby the president, before formally nominating a person for a federal judgeship, seeks the indication that senators from the candidate's own state support the nomination?
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senatorial courtesy
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Judicial review was established in the case of ____
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Marbury v. Madison.
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Why does the solicitor general have such a strong influence on the Supreme Court?
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The solicitor general screens most cases being appealed by agencies of the federal government and only lets some cases advance.
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Justices who disagree with the majority decision of the Court may choose to publicize the character of their disagreement in the form of a
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dissenting opinion.
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Today, ____ seem to view the courts as useful instruments through which to pursue their goals.
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Americans of all political persuasions
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Which of the following cases involved the right to privacy?
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Griswold v. Connecticut
