question

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

answer

immune system

question

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

answer

CORRECT A) shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. B) a complete cessation of respiratory effort. C) a marked increase in the exhalation phase. D) labored breathing with reduced tidal volume.

question

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:

answer

increased carbon dioxide levels.

question

The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:

answer

chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.

question

You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with:

answer

A)acute pulmonary edema. B)right-sided heart failure. CORRECT C)acute pulmonary embolism. D)spontaneous pneumothorax.

question

At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:

answer

expiratory wheezing.

question

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

answer

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

question

When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:

answer

start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

question

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

answer

stridor.

question

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

answer

epinephrine.

question

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:

answer

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

question

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

answer

respirations increase in rate and depth.

question

A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:

answer

provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.

question

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:

answer

toxic chemical inhalation.

question

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

answer

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

question

A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?

answer

oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

question

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

answer

alveoli

question

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

answer

abnormal breath sounds.

question

The two processes that occur during respiration are:

answer

inspiration and expiration.

question

Weakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of:

answer

destruction of protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles.

question

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

answer

spontaneous pneumothorax

question

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

CORRECT A)a narcotic overdose. B)a respiratory infection. C)an overdose of aspirin. D)high blood glucose levels.

question

Albuterol is a generic name for:

answer

Proventil.

question

A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:

answer

apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.

question

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:

answer

adequate air exchange.

question

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct?

answer

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

question

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should:

answer

adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

question

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing 100% oxygen, you should:

answer

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

question

Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct?

answer

SARS is a viral infection that often begins with flulike symptoms.

question

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of:

answer

congestive heart failure.

question

PASTE

answer

Progression Associated chest pain Sputum Talking tiredness Exercise tolerance

question

acidosis

answer

buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results form a primary illness

question

adventitious breath sounds

answer

abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes, ronchi, and rales

question

alkalosis

answer

buildup of excess base in the body fluids

question

allergen

answer

substance that causes an allergic reaction

question

anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

answer

extreme, life threatening, systematic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

question

asthma

answer

acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

question

atelectasis

answer

collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

question

bronchial breath sounds

answer

normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

question

bronchiolitis

answer

inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years of age

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