question

RNA polymerase synthesizes new nucleotide chains in the 5' to 3' direction.

answer

During the process of transcription in a eukaryote

question

DNA -> RNA

answer

Which of the following best describes transcription

question

RNA -> Protein

answer

Which of the following best describes translation?

question

True

answer

The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its shape and specific function. TRUE OR FALSE?

question

When RNA is translated into protein

answer

At what point in gene expression do molecules go from being information storage molecules to metabolic and structurally functional molecules?

question

The final protein might not be functional

answer

There is an error during the transcription of a gene, what will be the consequence?

question

The protein might not be functional

answer

There is an error during translation of a gene, what will be the consequence?

question

promoter region

answer

The segment of the DNA molecule where messenger RNA synthesis begins is called the

question

3' GACUG 5'

answer

The complimentary messenger RNA strand that would be synthesized from the DNA base sequence of 5' CTGAC 3' would be

question

transcription terminator

answer

The structure that causes the synthesis of RNA to cease is known as the

question

In DNA replication the helix is never closed after it is opened by helicase, but once RNA polymerase has finished transcribing a region the double helix closes

answer

What is a difference between DNA replication and RNA transcription?

question

The initiation of transcription involves a sigma factor

answer

How do you know that the gene being transcribed in the animation is a prokaryote?

question

RNA polymerase.

answer

The enzyme that accomplishes transcription is termed

question

promoter

answer

The transcription enzyme first attaches to the ________ of the gene. The transcription enzyme first attaches to the ________ of the gene.

question

Helicase activity

answer

RNA polymerase is able to open the DNA double helix as it moves down the template. What type of enzymatic activity does this mean RNA polymerase must possess? Polymerase activity

question

Transcription of structural genes requires DNA sequences that are not part of the gene itself

answer

Which of the following statements about structural gene is TRUE?

question

The triphosphate is a high energy molecule so that polymerization is spontaneous

answer

Why are nucleotide triphosphates used to polymerize RNA?

question

False

answer

The terminator of a gene is located upstream of the coding region. TRUE or FALSE

question

they are essential for transcription and they cannot increase the rate of transcription by themselves

answer

Which of the following statement(s) about basal transcription factors is(are) TRUE?

question

upstream from the transcription start site.

answer

The assembly of transcription factors begins

question

Basal transcription factors won't bind to the template DNA, so RNA polymerase will not bind to the template DNA, so transcription will not occur

answer

A large region of a promoter has been deleted upstream of a gene. What effect will this have on transcription of the gene?

question

Activators and repressors will not be able to properly effect the rate of transcription

answer

If a protein in the coactivator complex does not function properly, what would be a consequence?

question

They give the cell tight control over transcription

answer

Evaluate the statements below and determine which is the best reason for why eukaryotes use basal transcription factors?

question

True

answer

Eukaryotic transcription factors include activators and coactivators. True or False

question

termination

answer

The Rho protein is involved in the _____ stage of transcription

question

it recognizes the promoter region

answer

Which of the following is correct regarding sigma factor?

question

formation of a holoenzyme

answer

Which of the following occurs first in transcription?

question

RNA polymerase would not bind to the template DNA

answer

What would happen if the sigma factor didn't bind to the RNA polymerase?

question

The RNA polymerase would not dissociate from the RNA and the template DNA

answer

If the rho protein did not bind to the RNA, what might be the consequence?

question

It would prevent termination of RNA transcription, causing mRNA transcripts to be abnormally long.

answer

Bicyclomycin is an antibiotic that is effective against many gram negative bacteria. It works by inhibiting Rho. What direct effect would this have on a bacteria?

question

two exons

answer

Splicing joins together

question

snurps.

answer

The snRNPs are also called

question

2, 1, 3

answer

Arrange the following in the proper sequence in which they occur during RNA splicing. 1. Lariat is formed 2. U2 binds to branch site 3. 3' splice site is cut

question

5' ...CCGAGGUACGAUUUGAGUCGGCUACAGUAUUGA.... 3'

answer

Study the RNA sequence below and determine where the boundaries of an intron could be. Select the answer that includes the entire intron in red.

question

If there is a mutation in the 3' or 5' splice site, the snurp won't recognize it, and it will not be removed from the mRNA

answer

Introns are generally considered 'free to mutate,' meaning that if a mutation occurs within the intron, it will not effect the functional protein. What is an exception to this axiom?

question

5' and 3' ends of the intron

answer

Which of the following do snRNPs bind to?

question

all of these choices are true

answer

Which of the following statements about RNA splicing is FALSE?

question

proteins from mRNA.

answer

Translation is the synthesis of

question

the tRNA that was in the P site moves into the E site

answer

Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of three nucleotides?

question

A

answer

Translation is terminated when a stop codon is presented at the ________ site.

question

The formation of a bond between the peptide in the P site and the amino acid in the A site

answer

The formation of a bond between the peptide in the P site and the amino acid in the A site

question

The genetic code is redundant, so that mutations in the third position of the codon often result in the same amino acid being specified.

answer

A mutation occurred in the third codon position of a gene, but the protein still functions normally. How is this possible?

question

RNA synthesis makes a complementary copy of the DNA using nucleic acid and protein synthesis requires the information in the RNA to be changed into a different type of molecule

answer

Why is RNA synthesis called 'transcription' and protein synthesis called 'translation?'

question

a cap is added to their 5' end, a poly-A tail is added to their 3' end, and each usually specifies only a single protein

answer

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic mRNA is TRUE?

question

two exons.

answer

Splicing joins together

question

translation of protein

answer

Which of these events occur as a prokaryotic mRNA is being transcribed?

question

Prokaryotes don't need to transport their RNA out of the nucleus, so they don't need these features

answer

Why do eukaryotes require a 5' cap and a poly-A tail but prokaryotes don't?

question

They should remove the introns

answer

What changes would a scientist want to make to a eukaryotic gene before they insert it into a bacterial chromosome to be expressed?

question

mRNA

answer

Which of the following is not involved in the initiation of translation?

question

mRNA

answer

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is found on the ________.

question

To facilitate the binding of the mRNA, and the initiator tRNA to the ribosome

answer

Why is GTP used during the initiation of translation?

question

Methionine

answer

All nascent proteins being with what amino acid?

question

The mRNA would not bind to the small ribosomal subunit in the proper location

answer

If the Shine-Delgarno sequence was mutated, what might be a consequence?

question

EF-Tu

answer

During translation elongation, amino acids are brought to the ribosome with the help of

question

the tRNA that was in the P site moves into the E site

answer

Which of the following occurs as a result of translocation?

question

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds and It is present in the 50S ribosomal subunits.

answer

Which of the following statements about peptidyl transferase is TRUE?

question

Only a tRNA with an anticodon that is complementary to the codon will bind in the A-site

answer

How does the ribosome recognize the proper tRNA to bind?

question

It aids in the binding of the incoming tRNA to the A site of the ribosome AND It aids in translocating the ribosome one codon down the mRNA

answer

How is GTP used during elongation?

question

A site.

answer

Translation is terminated when a stop codon is presented at the

question

release factor

answer

The protein that promotes translation termination is called

question

No tRNA can recognize a stop codon. It is recognized by a release factor protein.

answer

Which of the following statements about termination is TRUE?

question

The early stop codon will cause termination to occur earlier, and the protein will be abnormally short.

answer

A single point mutation has occurred in a gene causing a stop codon to appear early in the translation of the protein. What effect will this have on the protein?

question

Free carboxylic acid group

answer

Which part of the protein is formed during termination?

question

P site

answer

The initiating transfer RNA, carrying formylmethionine, binds to which site?

question

peptide bonds.

answer

The amino acids carried by the transfer RNA are joined by

question

False

answer

The three base sequence on the transfer RNA is the codon. True or False

question

The tRNA would carry the worng amino acid, and it would be incorporated into the growing protein

answer

If an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase added the wrong amino acid to a tRNA, what would happen?

question

It carries a modified amino acid

answer

What is unusual about the initiator tRNA?

question

A

answer

New amino acids (other than the initial f-Met) enter at which site?

question

transfer RNA is released

answer

At the E site

question

transfer RNA is released

answer

At the E site

question

It carries a modified amino acid

answer

What is unusual about the initiator tRNA?

question

The formation of a bond between the peptide in the P site and the amino acid in the A site

answer

What stimulates the ribosome to move down one codon?

question

The tRNA would carry the worng amino acid, and it would be incorporated into the growing protein

answer

If an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase added the wrong amino acid to a tRNA, what would happen?

question

mRNA

answer

The molecule that contains the genetic information for the production of a structural gene.

question

Transcripton

answer

The synthesis of an RNA copy of a gene

question

Translation

answer

The synthesis of a specific sequence of amino acids on a ribosome.

question

DNA

answer

A molecule found in the nucleus of cell that contains the cell's genome

question

Polypeptide

answer

A molecule made of amino acids that correspond to the genetic information in a structural gene

question

mRNA interacts with ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

answer

During the process of translation in a eukaryote

question

Rna Polymerease binds to promoter>DNA is unwound, RNA is synthesized in the 5'->3' >RNA polymerase reaches the > The new mRNA is released.

answer

List events of transcription

question

RNA polymerase 1 and 2

answer

tRNAs and rRNAs transcribes what genes?

question

RNA polymerase 2

answer

protein coding transcribes what gene(s)

question

a particular amino acid can be specified by more than one codon.

answer

The genetic code is degenerate. That means

question

61/3

answer

The genetic code consists of ____ codons that specify amino acids, and ____ codons that do not specify amino acids.

question

all newly-made polypeptides have a methionine at their amino end.

answer

There is only one start codon, AUG. This means that

question

tRNA

answer

Structural RNA that lnks an amino acid to an antcodon

question

mRNA & Genes

answer

Contains information to be translated (as codons)

question

Ribosomal RNA & Ribosomal protein

answer

Forms part of the enzyme that drives translation

question

the nucleus, where the chromosomal DNA is found

answer

In eukaryotes, transcription to produce an mRNA must occur in

question

3'-GAU-5'

answer

A 5'-CUA-3' codon in an mRNA could be recognized by which of the following anticodon sequences in a tRNA?

question

specific tRNAs become attached to specific amino acids.

answer

The reason that the genetic code can correctly specify the order of amino acids in a polypeptide is

question

they are all transcribed from DNA

answer

A characteristic shared by eukaryotic mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal RNA is that...

question

in eukaryotes, there are different RNA polymerases (I, II, and III).

answer

A difference between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription

question

modifications to the 5' end of mRNA help it to bind to ribosomes only in eukaryotes

answer

A difference between bacterial and eukaryotic translation is

question

a ribosome recognition sequence is added

answer

Which of the following does not occur during the processing of eukaryotic mRNA?

question

Removal of exons

answer

RNA processing does NOT involve which of the following?

question

A single base has been changed

answer

What is the difference in the DNA sequence of the normal individual and that of the individual with sickle cell anemia?

question

A single amino acid has been changed

answer

What is the difference in the amino acid sequence (and therefore the protein) of the normal individual and that of the individual with sickle cell anemia?

question

Glutamic acid has switched to aspartic acid

answer

Look at the sequence of DNA in the normal and diseased individual. Using the Genetic Code, determine which amino acid has replaced which?

question

Glutamic acid is acidic and polar, valine in nonpolar

answer

Using Table 3.14, characterize the amino acids that have been substituted in the normal and mutant proteins, glutamic acid to valine.

question

A single point mutation in the DNA sequence leads to a change in the protein structure, which leads to a change in the protein's function and causes sickle cell anemia

answer

Which of the following statements below is TRUE?

question

A complex disease like sickle cell anemia is due to the substitution of a single amino acid in a single protein

answer

Which of the following statements below is TRUE?

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