ch.10 psych – Flashcards

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physical dependence on a substance (e.g., alcohol) such that withdrawal symptoms are experienced when deprived of that substance
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addiction
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type of drinking dened for men as consuming five or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming four or more drinks in a row within the past 2 weeks
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binge drinking
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an adjusted ratio of weight to height; used to define "overweight"
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body mass index (BMI)
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the knowledge you have acquired through life experience and education in a particular culture
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crystallized intelligence
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period between late teens and mid- to late twenties when individuals are not adolescents but are not yet fully adults
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emerging adulthood
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abilities that make you a flexible and adaptive thinker, allow you to make inferences, and enable you to understand the relations among concepts
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fluid intelligence
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chemicals that help keep arteries clear and break down LDLs
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high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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activation of strong stereotypes that is nonconscious, increasing the likelihood of their influencing behavior
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implicit stereotyping
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patterns of change that vary from one person to another
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interindividual variability
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sixth stage in Erikson's theory and the major psychosocial task for young adults
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intimacy versus isolation
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a personal narrative that organizes past events into a coherent sequence
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life story
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a unified sense of the past, present, and future based on personal experience and input from other people
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life-span construct
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chemicals that cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries, impeding blood flow
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low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
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how much energy the body needs
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metabolism
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characteristic of theories of intelligence that identify several types of intellectual abilities
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multidimensional
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developmental pattern in which some aspects of intelligence improve and other aspects decline during adulthood
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multidirectionality
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the highest level of information-processing of which a person is capable
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optimal level of development
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the degree to which you believe your performance in a situation depends on something you do
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personal control beliefs
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concept that intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be modified under the right conditions at just about any point in adulthood
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plasticity
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representations of what we could become, what we would like to become, and what we are afraid of becoming
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possible selves
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thinking characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are typical, and that subjective factors play a role in thinking
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postformal thought
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groups of related intellectual skills (such as memory or spatial ability)
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primary mental abilities
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way in which adults reason through real-life dilemmas
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reflective judgment
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college students over age 25
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returning adult students
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rituals marking initiation into adulthood
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rites of passage
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the process of assuming new responsibilities and duties
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role transition
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manifestation of the life-span construct through expectations about the future
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scenario
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broader intellectual skills that subsume and organize the primary abilities
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secondary mental abilities
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the gradual and haphazard process by which people learn new abilities
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skill acquisition
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tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completed
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social clock
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a social belief representing organized prior knowledge about a group of people that affects how we interpret new information
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stereotype
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an evoked fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype about a group to which you belong
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stereotype threat
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Yacef suddenly finds himself newly married and out of school with a new job. Yacef is experiencing: a)reflective judgment b)possible selves c)role transitions d)fluid intelligence.
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c. role transitions.
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Who would Erikson say is most capable of true intimacy? a.Burt, who will go out with different people, but finds it scary to go out with someone more than a couple of times b.Cindy, who is over-dependent on her boyfriend c.Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity d.Harrison, who is 16 years old
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c. Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity
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Which of Brittney's actions best exemplifies an attempt to move beyond "thresholder" status? a. Singing a duet with her younger sister b.Her "wholesome" work as a young teen on the Disney channel c.Her two marriages d.Deciding that she was not old enough to handle the rigors of college
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c. Her two marriages.
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People who quit smoking after smoking for a long time: a.show significant improvements in their health b.may not get worse, but their overall health will remain bad c.will continue to deteriorate, but at a slower rate d.will remain at risk for heart attack, but not for cancer
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a. show significant improvements in their health
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Jari is a frequent binge drinker. Which is he less likely to experience than his non-binge drinking peers? a.a sexually transmitted disease b.good grades c.a hangover d.unprotected sex
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b. good grades
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Who is at the greatest risk of a heart attack? a.Sawyer, who has low levels of both LDLs and HDLs b.Gump, who has high levels of both LDLs and HDLs c.Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs d.Tucker, who has low level of LDLs and high levels of HDLs
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c. Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
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A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy you are. She uses a formula that contains information regarding your height and weight. What is she most likely measuring? a.BMI b.LDL c.ADA d.HDL
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a. BMI
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Kali has a theory of intelligence that views intelligence as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. Kali's theory is: a.multidimensional b.multidirectional c.conventional d.a life-span construct
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a. multidimensional
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After taking several college courses, Chuck's short-term memory ability increased. This exemplifies the concept of: a.interindividual variability b.multidimensionality c.postformal thought d.plasticity
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d.plasticity
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Which is not a factor identified by Schaie (1994) as a variable that helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline in old age? a.Living in good housing b.Being satisfied with life c.Having a flexible personality style d.Being single
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d. Being single
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Someone who knows the answers to all the questions on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire would be exhibiting: a.fluid intelligence b.postformal thought c.crystallized intelligence d.reflective judgment
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c. crystallized intelligence
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Ralphie believes that following school rules is important because a teacher's authority should not be questioned. Ralphie would probably be closest to the ________ stage of reflective judgment. a.halfway b.initial c.last d.later
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b.initial
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Stereotypes: a.are not used by intelligent people b.focus on individuals, not groups c.represent thoughts about the meaning of life d.help us process information in social situations
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d. help us process information in social situations
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Which best reflects a "social clock?" a.Melania can accurately remember her adolescent "coming-out" party b.Trump is presently going through puberty c.Ivana has been married four times d.Donald wants to be a millionaire by age 30
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d. Donald wants to be a millionaire by age 30
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Merlin believes that he can get what he wants if he tries hard enough. This indicates that he has ________ sense of personal control. a.a high b.a moderate c.no d.a low
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a. a high
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The ADA prohibits discrimination based on age, sex, and race. True False
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F
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Erikson saw young adulthood as involving the psychosocial conflict between generativity and stagnation. True False
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F
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The "quarterlife crisis" involves challenges faced by individuals in their 20s. True False
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T
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Lung, mouth, bladder, and cervix cancer are all linked to smoking. True False
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T
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Moderate drinkers (e.g., one-two glasses of beer or wine a day for men) have higher risks for cardiovascular disease than abstainers and heavy drinkers. True False
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F
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Limiting access to alcohol appears to be the most effective means of reducing the incidence of binge drinking in college students. True False
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F
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Poverty and racism are key reasons for the poor health conditions found in inner-city neighborhoods. True False
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T
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The fact that your abilities can be altered with experience underlies the concept of plasticity. True False
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T
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Secondary mental abilities subsume primary mental abilities. True False
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T
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Most children use reflective judgment when reasoning out real-life dilemmas. True False
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F
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Skill acquisition tends to occur in a gradual manner. True False
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F
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The use of strong stereotypes can be automatic and unconscious. True False
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T
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According to McAdams, a life story help organize the past events in a person's life into a coherent sequence. True False
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T
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Possible selves become more numerous and varied the older a person gets. True False
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F
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An individual with a high sense of personal control believes that their actions are controlled by environmental forces. True False
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F
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