Ch. 10: Neurology Diseases – Flashcards
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Amnesia
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Partial or total (global) loss of memory of recent or remote (past) experiences. It is often a consequence of a brain injury or a stroke that damages the hippocampus where short-term memories are converted to long-term memories. No treatment. Amnes/o- forgetfullness -ia
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Anencephaly
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Rare congenital condition in which some or all of the cranium and cerebrum are missing. The newborn breathes b/c the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata are present, but only survives a few hours or days. an- without; not -encephaly condition of the brain
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Aphasia
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Loss of the ability to communicate verbally or in writing. Aphasia can occur w/ head trauma, a stroke, or Alzheimer's disease when there is injury to the areas of the brain that deal with language and the interpretation of sounds and symbols. Patients are said to be aphasic. a- away from phas/o- speech -ia
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Expressive Aphasia
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The inability to verbally express thoughts. Express/o- communication -ive pertaining to a- away from phas/o- speech -ia
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Receptive Aphasia
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The inability to understand spoken or written word. Recept/o- Receive -ive pertaining a- away from; without phas/o- speech -ia
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Global Aphasia
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Patients with Receptive and Expressive Aphasia. Glob/o- shaped like a globe; comprehensive -al
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Dysphasia
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Limited impairment that involves some difficulty speaking or understanding words. Dys- difficult; painful; abnormal phas/o- speech -ia
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Arteriovenous Malformation (AVS)
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Abnormality in which arteries in the brain connect directly to the veins (rather than capillaries), forming an abnormal twisted nest of blood vessels. An AVS can rupture and cause a stroke. Treatment: focused beam radiation to destroy the AVS or embolization to block blood flow to the AVS; surgery Arteri/o- artery ven/o- vein -ous pertaining to Mal- bad format/o- structure; arrangement -ion
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Brain Tumor
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Benign or malignant tumor of any area of the brain. Malign/o- intentionally causing harm; cancer -ant pertaining to
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Cephalagia
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=Headache. Pain in the head. cephal/o- head alg/o- pain -ia
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Cerebral Palsy (CP)
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It is caused by lack of oxygen to parts of the fetus' brain during birth. The result can be spastic muscles, lack of coordination in walking, eating, and talking; muscle paralysis; seizures; or mental retardation. Cerebr/o- cerebrum (largest part of the brain) -al pertaining to Palsy
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Astrocytoma
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Malignant. Cancer of the astrocytes in the cerebrum. Astr/o- starlike structure cyt/o- cell -oma tumor; mass
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Ependymoma
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Benign. Ependymal cells that line the ventricles. Ependym/o- cellular lining -oma tumor mass;
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Glioblastoma Multiforme
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Malignant. Immature astrocyte in the cerebrum. Gli/o- cells that provide suppot blast/o- immature; embryonic -oma
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Glioma
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Benign or Malignant. Any neurological cell. Gli/o- celll that provides support -oma
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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
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=Stroke= Brain Attach. Disruption or blockage of blood flow to the brain, which causes tissue death and an area of necrosis known as an infarct. Cerebr/o- cerebrum (largest part of th brain) vascul/o- blood vessel -ar pertaining to
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Hemiparesis
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Muscle weakness on one side of the body. Hemi- one half Paresis "Condition of weakness"
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Hemiplegia
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Paralysis on one side of the body. Hemi- one half Pleg/o- paralysis -ia
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Dementia
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Disease of the brain in which many neurons in the cerebrum die, the cerebral cortex shrinks in size, and there is progressive deterioration in mental function. De- reversal of; without ment/o- mind;chin -ia
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Senile-onset Dementia
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Associated with old age
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Presenile Dementia
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Early-onset Alzheimer's disease; occurs in early middle age -pre before; in front of sen/o- old age -ile pertaining to
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Down Syndrome
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Hereditary genetic defect in which there are three of chromosome 21, instead of the normal to retard/o- slow down; delay -ation a process; being or having
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Dyslexia
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Difficulty reading and writing words even though visual acuity and inteligence are normal; caused by an abnormality in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum that interprets moving visual images. Dys- painful; difficult; abnormal lex/o- word -ic
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Excephalitis
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Inflammation and infection of the brain caused by a virus. Encephal/o- brain -itis
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Epilepsy
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=Seizure+convululion Epilep
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Hematoma
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Localized collection of blood that forms n the brain because of trauma to the cranium or the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or an AVM. Hemat/o- blood -oma
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Neural Tube Defect
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Congenital abnormality of the neural tube
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Meningocele
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Protrusion (hernia) of the meninges through the skin Mening/o- meninges -cele hernia
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Meningomyelocele
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Protusion (hernia) of the meninges an spinal cord through the skin. Mening/o- meninges myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin -cele hernia
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Spinal Cord Injury
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Trauma to the spinal cord w/ a partial or complete transection of the cord. Trans- across; through sect/o- to cut -ion
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Anesthesia
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Partial or complete loss of sensation
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Paralysis
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Inability to voluntarily move muscles Para- beside; apart from; two parts of a pair; abnormal ly/o- break down; destroy -sis condition; abnormal condition; process
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Paraplegia
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Injury to the lower spinal cord
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Causalgia
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Severe, burning pain along a nerve and its branches. Caus/o- burning
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Polyneuritis
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Inflammation of many nerves in one part of the body or all nerves
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Neurofibroma
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A benign fibrous tumor that grows on perihperal nerves
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Neuroma
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Benign tumor of a nerve or an of the specialized cells of the nervous ystem
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Neuropathy
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General category for any type of disease or njury to a nerve
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Paresthesia
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Condition in which abnormal sensations, such as tingling, burning, or pinpricks, are felt on skin para- beside; aart from
