question

Describe Jackson's inauguration in 1829. Why does this event mark a change in American politics?

answer

A large, rowdy event which created much disagreement between parties; it showed the importance of political elections

question

How would you describe Andrew Jackson?

answer

A self-made man and hard worker

question

In the political cartoon, why was Andrew Jackson called King Andrew I?

answer

Because Whigs wanted to portray Jackson as a tyrant and monarch, along with being against the laws of the Constitution

question

Describe what is happening to property qualifications for voting in the early nineteenth century.

answer

They were eliminated in all states except one in 1860

question

What states retained property qualifications for voting? What happened in Virginia?

answer

North Carolina, Rhode Island, and Virginia; Virginia's large slave owners resisted demands for changing voting qualifications

question

What was the Dorr War?

answer

pitted proponents of expanding voting rights for whites against the status quo in Rhode Island, where Rhode Island residents were going to elect their own president and establish their own new constitution

question

What was de Tocqueville's key insight to American Democracy?

answer

That democracy meant more than just the right to vote or a set of political institutions, but an important cultural shift

question

By 1840, what percentage of adult white men were eligible to vote?

answer

90%

question

By the 18030's the term "citizen" became synonymous with the right to what?

answer

Vote

question

What elements seemed to define the "people" of the US? What do scholars call this phenomenon?

answer

Participation in elections and skin color; "colorism"

question

The growth of reading was especially beneficial to whom? What were some of their names?

answer

Women writers; Maria Child, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Catharine Breecher

question

Why were women and blacks largely excluded from the expansion of democracy?

answer

They were "naturally incapable" of being intelligent enough to vote

question

Where could free black men vote on the same basis as whites in 1860?

answer

Five New England states

question

In the early 1800's, what was replacing class as the boundary of those who enjoyed political freedom?

answer

Race

question

Why were voting rights considered so important?

answer

Voting became central to the meaning of freedom

question

What is the "American System"?

answer

A plan to establish a new national bank, a tariff on imported goods to protect American industry, an the federal financing of improved railroads canals

question

What role did young republicans like Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun play in creating the American System?

answer

They insisted that agriculture must be complemented by a manufacturing sector if the country were to become economically independent from Britain

question

In the response to the demand for "international improvements" what did James Madison want and why?

answer

A constitutional amendment that would be necessary before the government could build roads and canals

question

When was the Second Bank of America chartered? Who chartered it?

answer

1816; by Congress

question

What was paper money good for in the early 1800's?

answer

A specified amount of gold or silver

question

What happened in the Panic of 1819?

answer

The demand for land plummeted, speculators lost millions as the price of western land fell, loans tended to be of short duration, which helped debtors and hurt creditors

question

In its decision in McCulloch v Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled what?

answer

The Second Bank of America was constitutional

question

The Era of Good Feelings refers to a period in American history when?

answer

Monroe's two terms in office were years of a one-party government.

question

What was the Missouri Controversy?

answer

When Missouri asked to form a new constitution for admission to the Union as a state

question

How was the Missouri Controversy resolved?

answer

By the Missouri Compromise, which allowed Missouri to draft a constitution as a slave state, in addition to the addition of Maine as a slave free state

question

What is "comity"?

answer

The clause in the constitution that requires each state to recognize the rights of citizens in other states

question

What was the second Missouri Compromise?

answer

Made it so that Missouri could not deprive the citizens of other states of their rights

question

What did Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams suggest that the Missouri Compromise revealed about the nation, and were they correct?

answer

Jefferson suggested that the controversy was meant to divide up the Republican party, while Adams suggested that the South was trying to take over the capital and out-vote the North; yes, they were both right

question

How did the independence movements in Latin America parallel the US independence movement?

answer

Both crisis of empires were precedented by programs launched by the imperial country aimed in large measure at making the colonies contribute more to its finances

question

The Monroe Doctrine declared what?

answer

1) That the US would oppose any further efforts at colonization by European powers in America 2) that the US would restrain from involvement in the wars of Europe 3) that European powers would not interfere with the newly independent states of Latin America

question

Why does Monroe think that the "systems" of Europe and the Western Hemisphere are fundamentally different?

answer

Because the US follows the ideas that liberty and freedom while the European system wants the US to claim land for them

question

Which Americans would be most likely to object to Calhoun's political system?

answer

The Southern planters, because Calhoun's idea was that the majority would make the final decisions, which was not in slavery's favor

question

How do the two documents differ in their conception of how powerful the national government should be?

answer

The Monroe Doctrine wanted to cut off contact with Europe, which would end the importation of slaves, which is what Calhoun argued against

question

Describe the election of 1824.

answer

Jackson received the majority of regular votes but could not win the majority of the popular or electoral votes, in which the House of Representatives nominated John Quincy Adams

question

Name at least 4 things that we know about John Quincy Adams.

answer

1) He was in favor of Jackson's Embargo Act, arguing that his region must rise against self-interest to protect the public good 2) he supported the American System of government-sponsored development 3) he encouraged the distribution of American goods throughout the world 4) he was the only person to oppose reprimanding Jackson for his violent intrusion of Florida

question

Name at least 4 things elements for John Quincy Adam's plan for an activist state.

answer

1) The improvements should be made in the land, in which the federal government should be its patron 2) the addition of a legislature that promoted agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, and the mechanical and elegant arts 3) the establishment of a national university, an astronomical observatory, and naval academy 4) made liberty = power

question

Name at least 4 things that we know about Martin Van Buren and his presidency

answer

1) He was a talented party manager, not a person of great vision or intellect 2) he believed that political parties were a necessary part of political life 3) believed that bringing together political leaders from different regions in support of common candidates and principles would counteract the sectionalism in the US 4) set out to reconstruct the Jeffersonian political alliance between the North and South

question

Name at least 4 things that happened during the lection of 1828.

answer

1) Jackson's supporters accused Adams of having a series of mistresses while he was a diplomat in England 2) Jackson's supporters praised Jackson's manliness and criticized Adam's intellectuality 3) Adam's supporters condemned Jackson as a murderer for having executed army deserters and killing men in duels 4) Jackson ended up winning the election against Adams but over 150,000 votes

question

How had politics changed by the time of Jackson's presidency?

answer

They used to be a series of political contests and was now a giant spectacle - a form of mass entertainment

question

What was the practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty?

answer

Spoils system (principle of rotation)

question

What was the profession of many of Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet"?

answer

Newspaper editors

question

What are at least 4 things about the Whig party?

answer

1) Were united behind the American System, which believed that a protective tariff, national bank, and international improvements would help advance economic development 2) were popular in the Northeast 3) supported by established businessmen and bankers 4) were supported by industrialists in the North and planters in the South

question

What did the democrats accomplish during Jackson's presidency?

answer

They reduced expenditures, lowered the tariff, killed the national bank, and refused pleas for federal aid to international improvements

question

Describe the Nullification Crisis.

answer

When South Carolina declared the tax on imported goods null and void

question

Who wrote Exposition and Protest?

answer

John C. Calhoun

question

How was the Nullification Crisis resolved?

answer

By Congress enacting the Force Bill, which authorized Jackson to use the army to collect customs duties and a new tariff

question

What were some of the effects of the Peggy Eaton affair?

answer

It started a divide between Jackson and Calhoun, because slander towards Peggy Eaton was led by Calhoun's wife, Floride

question

What was the Hayne-Webster debate about?

answer

The debate over nullification where Webster said the people created the Constitution, making the federal government sovereign; he called nullification illegal, unconstitutional, and treasonous

question

What were the principles stated in Marshall's opinions in Cherokee Nation and Worchester v Georgia?

answer

That Indians were "wards" of the federal government and lacked the standing as citizens that would allow the Supreme Court to enforce their rights, but later claimed that the Indians were a distinct people with the right to maintain a separate political identity

question

What was the "Trail of Tears" and who resisted?

answer

The forced journey of Cherokee people to move west; the Seminoles resisted

question

The president of the Second Bank of the US?

answer

Nicholas Biddle

question

Name at least 4 things that Jackson believed about the Second Bank of the US?

answer

1) That a source of concentrated power and economic privilege that was unaccountable to the people was unacceptable 2) that the rich and powerful tended to bend the rules to fit their selfish needs 3) the Bank's charters were widening the gap between the wealthy and the "humble", which Jackson considered himself 4) claimed that the bank was "evil"

question

How did the Bank War demonstrate that Jackson had enhanced the power of his presidency?

answer

By claiming he was a symbolic representative of all the people with his veto message that appealed directly to the public

question

What caused the Panic of 1837?

answer

Was caused by a decline in British demand for American cotton

question

What was Van Buren's new solution to the problem of what to do about the relationship of the federal government to banks?

answer

To remove federal funds from banks and hold them in the Treasury Department in Washington, under the control of government officials

question

Whose 1840 presidential campaign portrayed him as a common man who was born in a log cabin and drank hard cider?

answer

William Henry Harrison

question

Where did Whigs learn their campaign tactics from?

answer

The Democrats

question

What did John Tyler do about the national bank and what was the reaction?

answer

He vetoed it; which led to the resignation of most of his cabinet, and his party repudiated him

Ch. 10 – Democracy in America – Flashcards

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