Ch. 1 Foundations of Sport Management – Flashcards
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Sport Management structures
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are conceived and evolve in response to broad social changes or to address specific issue within a segment of the sport industry or both.
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3 sport management structures
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clubs, leagues, professional tournaments
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Where was the birth place of modern sport and sport management?
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England where the english aristocracy began to develop sports clubs. Membership was limited to those in economic and political power.
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Thoroughbred Racing
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organization was essentially a volunteer system, controlled by the same wealthy men who owned the horses and estates.
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Thoroughbred Racing was one of the first sports transformed by the club management systems for two reasons
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- the desire of owners to breed and train the fastest horse. -The increased complexity of gambling.
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The Jockey Club
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the birth of club governance
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Responsibilities of the jockey club
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-settling disputes, establishing rules, determining eligibility, designate officials, regulate breeding, punishing unscrupulous participants.
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Club structure depended on
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the appearance of fairness, loyalty support, and volunteer management for its success.
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First official staging of Olympic games
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1896 in Panathinaiko stadium and was a 9 day event with 311 athletes from 13 nations who were all amateurs.
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Events of Olympic games
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cycling, fencing, gymnastics, lawn tennis, shooting, swimming, track and field, weight lifting, wrestling
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Organizations are characterized by
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their non-profit status and exclusive membership.
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European clubs
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emphasized sport to attract large and broad memberships, the most prestigious clubs in the U.S. were primarily social clubs(which did not sponsor sporting events.)
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U.S. club system obstacles
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-the country's lack of aristocratic tradition -Political power of religious fundamentalism (which limited/ prohibited gambling.)
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Harness Racing
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-Sport of the common person -precursor to stock car racing, consisted of horses, of no particular breeding, pulling buggies. Due to the success and failure of it the league structured developed.
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Harness racing's influence on the league structure
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it's popularity and commercial promise led sports enthusiasts and managers to further refine and develop a sport management system that would work in the U.S.
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Leagues
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-a profit oriented entity. -Pioneers of baseball were the first to successfully employ this structure.
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William Hulbert's National League
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- at first baseball was organized according to a club system. -In 1871 the National Association of Professional Baseball Players (NAPBP) formed.
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William Hubert
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took over the management of the NAPBP adopting the view that baseball teams would become stable only if they were run like businesses. Thus, authority would rest with the league, have strong rules, and force team owners to take risks.
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Leagues Today
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Hulbert's league structure makes sense today for example naming rights, licensing agreements, and league-wide television deals are the norm. Not all sports today are in a league structure such as golf and tennis.
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Professional Touarnaments
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-such as golf and tennis have roots in the club system. -Mixing business and charity -Professional Golf -Corcoran's Tournaments -Tournaments Today
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Pro Golf
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many early pro golfers were European men brought to the US by country clubs to help design, build, and care for the golf courses and teach the finer points of thee game to club members.
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Pro Golf Tournaments
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did not stabilize until pros found someone else to put up prize money (ex. community and corporate sponsors)
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Fred Corcoran
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the architect of the professional golf tournament
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Corcoran's Contributions
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- used athletes and golf tournaments to sell advertising space to the public -served as tournaments director for the men's PGA circuit. -Organized women's tour -Organized the first pro-am tour to raise money for charity.
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Golf Tours today
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promotes promote tours as a medium through which a person, community, or corporation buy exposure.
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Today's Golf Tour Management
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-use corporate, or profit making associations, and non-profit private associations. -are just as likely to be created by marketing agencies or broadcast media.
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Women in sport mgmt
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-women were not allowed to participate in those early Games, because participation was limited to free Greek male citizens. Women did have a competition called the Hereaea games.
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Effa Manley
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co-owner of the Negro Baseball League's Newark Eagles and 1st woman elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.
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Billie Jean King
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tennis great. Defeated Bobby Riggs in the "Battle of the Sexes" and founder of Women's Tennis Association (WTA) and the Women's Sports Foundation.
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Christine Grant
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former women's athletic director at the University of Iowa and former President of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW).
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Juliette Moore
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the first African American women to serve as President for the National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA)
