question

The earliest period of human culture, the Paleolithic Age, dates from the _____

answer

earliest use of stone tools

question

The earliest Neolithic societies appeared in _____

answer

the Near East

question

The first civilization arose in _____

answer

Mesopotamia

question

The first empire in history was established by the _____

answer

Akkadians

question

After one century, the kingdom of Ur disintegrated due to _____ and invasion

answer

famine

question

The Sumerians invented the writing system known as _____

answer

cuneiform

question

Shortly before 1500, the process of smelting _____ was discovered

answer

iron

question

The great Persian Empire arose in the region that is now modern _____

answer

Iran

question

What became the chief religion of the Persians by the middle of the 6th century B.C.E.

answer

Zoroastrianism (Zo-astri-ism)

question

The Israelites lost to history became known as the _____

answer

ten lost tribes

question

The Greek school of medicine, led by _____, attempted to understand, diagnose, and cure diseases without any attention to supernatural forces

answer

Hippocrates

question

The _____ gets its name from advances in stone tool technology

answer

Neolithic Age

question

What was revealed in the Code of Hammurabi?

answer

a society divided by class

question

Chattel slaves were considered luxuries during most of Mesopotamian history because, unlike debt slaves, ,chattel slaves had to be _____

answer

purchased

question

When the Nile floodwaters receded each year, the left _____

answer

a rich layer of organically fertile silt

question

What decision associated with the smelting of iron was made in northern Anatolia around 1100 B.C.E.?

answer

to use iron rather than copper or bronze to manufacture weapons and tools

question

By the fifth century B.C.E., most Greek believed that laws should be obeyed because they are _____

answer

made by humans and represented the consent of the citizens

question

The earliest Bronze Age settlements were _____

answer

on the island of Crete

question

Some scholars have suggested that a group of pirates known as _____ destroyed Pylos

answer

Dorians

question

Which of the following correctly identifies the four classes in Homeric society?

answer

nobles, thetes, landless laborers, and slaves

question

The Acropolis in Athens s an example of a(n) _____

answer

citadel

question

Until defeated by the Roman legion, the dominant military force in the eastern Mediterranean was the _____

answer

hoplite phalanx

question

Colonization encouraged trade, industry, and the manufacturing of items as _____

answer

tools, weapons, pottery, and fine artistic metalwork

question

Greek colonies, established for the good of the colonists, were sponsored by _____

answer

the mother city

question

A tyrant was a _____ who gained power in an unorthodox way

answer

monarch

question

The Spartan constitution contained which element(s) of government?

answer

monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy

question

Who ruled the Spartan government?

answer

two Kings

question

The Spartan assembly consisted of

answer

all males over thirty

question

Which of the following poleis is located in Attica

answer

Athens

question

Who was fairly called the "father of Athenian democracy"?

answer

Clisthenes

question

Hesiod's Work and Days gives insight into the life of a(n) _____

answer

farmer

question

The Persians controlled both sides of the _____, the route to the grain fields beyond the Black Sea.

answer

Hellespont

question

Miltiades, who had fled from Persian service, led the Greeks to a vital victory over the Persians at _____

answer

Marathon

question

The Athenians came across a rich vein of _____ in the state mines

answer

silver

question

Of the hundreds of Greek states in 480 B.C.E. only _____ were willing to fight the Persians

answer

thirty-one

question

Aristotle argued that humans can be either the best of animals of the most dangerous of animals depending on whether or not they have _____.

answer

law and justice

question

During the Great Invasion, one advantage for the Greeks was _____.

answer

a strong Athenian Navy

question

The principal reason the agora-a marketplace and civic center-became the heart of Greek social life was because _____

answer

conversation and argument were carried on in the open air

question

In the fifth century B.C.E, _____were the leading naval powers in Greece

answer

Athenians

question

What is the name given to the protracted struggle between Athens and Sparta?

answer

The Peloponnesian Wars

question

Pericles proposed a law introducing compensation pay of _____, opening that important duty to the poor

answer

jury members

question

In the Athenian democracy, the people had to approve

answer

all decisions of the state

question

Evidence leads historians to believe that the prime responsibility of a respectable Athenian woman was to

answer

produce male heirs for the oikos, or household, of her husband

question

The Great Peloponnesian War was ignited by a civil war in the Corcyraean colony at _____.

answer

Epidamnus

question

The _____ brought an end to Sparta's expansion in Asia and caused the eventual destruction of its maritime empire

answer

Corinthian War

question

Considered "the father of history," _____ was the first to attempt to explain human actions in history and to draw instructions from them.

answer

Herodotus

question

In 339 B.C.E., an Athenian jury condemned _____ to death on the charges of bringing new gods into the city and of corrupting the youth

answer

Socrates

question

_____ felt that moral and political reform was the solution to internal stress, class struggle, and to repairing the factional division of the polis.

answer

Plato

question

_____ studied marine biology, which played a large part in his thinking.

answer

Aristotle

question

Aristotle considered the middle class to be the most stable because it possessed the quality of _____, which gave power to neither the rich nor the poor

answer

moderate wealth

question

King Philip II of Macedon took advantage of his appointment as regent to become king by _____

answer

overthrowing his infant nephew

question

The acquisition of Greek state of _____ by Philip of Macedon gave him control of gold and silver mines and allowed him to undermine Athenian control of the northern Aegean.

answer

Amphipolis

question

In 338 B.C.E, Philip of Macedon called a meeting of the Greek states to form the _____

answer

League of Corinth

question

When Alexander the Great conquered _____ in 333 B.C.E., he was greeted as there liberator

answer

Egypt

question

Epicureans believed that falling _____ swerved in unpredictable ways to produce the things seen in the world

answer

atoms

question

What new city in Egypt was the center of literary production in the third and second centuries B.C.E.?

answer

Alexandria

question

A Hellenistic scientist named _____ was able to calculate the circumference of the earth within 200 miles

answer

Eratosthenes

question

The main purpose of the formation of the Delian League was too_____

answer

free the Greeks under Persian rule and protect against a Persian return

question

After Cimon's ostracism in the spring of 461 B.C.E. Athens made an alliance with the city-state of _____, Sparta's traditional enemy.

answer

Argos

question

After peace was achieved with Persia, why did the Athenians continue collecting funds from the Delian League members?

answer

It was necessary to maintain Athens's navy and rebuild temples

question

According to the citizenship bill introduced by Pericles, citizenship was limited to those who _____

answer

had two citizen parents

question

Greek religion emphasized _____

answer

a faithful practice of rituals

question

The disastrous Great Peloponnesian War was ignited in 435 B.C.E., ten years after the Thirty Year's Peace of 445 B.C.E., because of a dispute between _____

answer

Corcyra and Corinth

question

Which of the following best describes the military strategy employed by the Spartans?

answer

invade, threaten crops, and force the enemy to defend them

question

Dramatists such as Aeschylus and Sophocles are considered prime examples of what genre of Greek writing?

answer

tragedy

question

By Greek standards, Macedon was considered to be a backward , semibarbaric land because _____

answer

it had no poleis and was ruled loosely by a king

question

In 335 B.C.E., Alexander III (Alexander the Great), pursuing his father's goal, began his plan to conquer _____.

answer

Persia

question

When Darius of Persia made a peace offering to Alexander the Great of his entire empire west of the Euphrates River and his daughter to end the invasion, Alexander _____

answer

turned down the offer and continued the invasion

question

Alexander the Great avenged the earlier Persian invasion of Greece by _____

answer

burning down Persepolis, the capital of Persia

question

After the time of Alexander the Great, the Greeks turned to _____ for solutions to their problems

answer

religion, philosophy, and magic

question

What important contribution did Heraclides of Pontus make to the field of astronomy in the fourth century B.C.E.?

answer

He made important suggestions leading to the heliocentric model of the universe

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