Ch 1, 10, 12, &13 – Flashcards
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| Opportunistic pathogens |
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| (fungi)- does not ordinarily cause disease but can become pathogenic under certain conditions |
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| How do microoraganisms contribute to our lives? |
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| Bioremediation |
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| uses microbes to clean up pollutants (eg. bacteria are used to detoxify oil and mercury) |
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| biotechnology |
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| uses microbes to make chemicals and foods (eg. cheese, bread, beer, wine) |
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| What do normal microbiota do for us? |
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| what do bacteria, protezoa, and archaea have in common? |
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| all unicellular |
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| taxonomy |
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| the science of classifying organisms |
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| Taxonomic hierarchy: classification order? |
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| Domain --kingdom --phylum --class --order --family --genus --species |
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| eukaryotic species |
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| a group of closely related individuals with similar characteristics that breed among themselves (do not breed or exchange genes with other species) |
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| prokaryotic species |
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| a population of cells with similar characteristics. (can exchange genes with other species) |
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| viral species |
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| a population of viruses that have similar characteristics and that occupy the same ecological niche (host) |
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| trophozoite |
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| a vegetative structure that feed and grow (protozoa) |
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| schizogony |
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| (protozoa) multiple fission |
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| conjugation |
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| haploid micronuclei to fuse in sexual reproduction of a protozoa |
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| gamete production |
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| haploid ex cells (gametes) combine (sexual reproduction of a protozoa) |
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| What phylum are paramecium and stentor classified? |
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Phylum Ciliophora -motile; move using cilia |
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| What phylum are amoeba classified? |
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phylum amoebozoa - move using pseudopods |
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| What phylum is Plasmodium vivax in? |
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| Phylum Apicomplexa |
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| What phylum is cryptosporidium in? |
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| Apicomplexa |
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| What phylum is Toxoplasma gondii in? |
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| Apicomplexa |
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| Describe phylum apicomplexa. |
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What phylum is Tripanosoma brucei gambiense in?
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phylum Euglenazoa - move using flagella; do not sexually reproduce |
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| What specimen is a photoautotroph, contains chloroplast and is sometimes classified as alga? |
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| Euglena |
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| What is in the cell wall of algae, peptidoglycan, cellulose, or chitin? |
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| cellulose |
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| What are diatoms and desmids classified as? |
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| algae |
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| How do algae reproduce asexually? |
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| by cell division or fragmentation (organism breaking into fragments) |
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| Molds are _____cellular and yeasts are ____cellular. |
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| multi, uni |
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| Mycelia |
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| formed by a cottony mass of hyphae (molds) |
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| Do molds and yeasts require oxygen? |
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| molds yes, yeasts can live with or without oxygen |
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Sporangiospores (asexual or sexual, give an example) |
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| asexual, phycomyces, Rhizopus (most common, bread mold) |
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conidiospores (define, give an example, sexual or asexual) |
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| asexual; penicillium, aspergillus; -fully exposed chains of spores formed at the tip of a reproductive hypha |
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| zygospore |
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sexual spore of a mold eg. phycomyces, rhizopus |
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| Name the asexual ways of reproduction for a yeast. |
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| fission, budding, pseudohypha (false mold) |
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ascospores
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| sexual spore formed when 2 nuclei fuse; spores are enclosed in an ascus (sac) |
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| Which spores are located in the phylum zygomycota? |
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Zygospores and sporangiospores eg. rhizopus |
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| Which spores are located in the phylum ascomycota? |
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| ascospores, blastospores, and conidiospores |
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| candida albicans |
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| yeast infection, opportunistic, cutaneous mycosis |
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| dimorphic fungus |
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| has 2 forms, can grow yeast like or mold like depending on environmental conditions |
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Which spores are in the phylum Basidiomycota?
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| Basidiospores - sexual spores fromed on top of pedestals |
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| T/F Viruses contain DNA and RNA. |
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| False: either DNA or RNA |
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| CAPSOMERES |
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| subunits that make up a capsid that surround the genetic material of a virus; make the protein coat |
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| What is a virus called that contains no lipid envelope to enclose the capsid? |
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| naked virus |
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| Can any virus infect any host? Why or Why not? |
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| No. most viruses infect specific host cells depending on their attachment sites and cellular factors. |
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| What shape is a helical virus? |
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| rod shaped |
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| List the steps of the multiplication of a bacteriophage in the lytic cycle. |
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| List the steps of the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage. |
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| What are the outcomes of lysogeny? |
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| List the steps of the multiplication of animal viruses. |
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| Latent Infection |
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| remains asymptomatic for a long time (virus) |
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| Persistent infection |
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| disease progress occurs slowly over a long peorid of time |
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| oncogenic viruses |
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| cause cancer; uncontrolled cell division forms tumors |
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| Provirus |
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| viral DNA integrates ito host cells DNA |
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| Define the methods of identifying viruses. Cytopathic effects, Serological tests, nucleic acid tests |
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| viroid |
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| infectious RNA |
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| Prion |
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| infectious protein particle |
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| viron |
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| complete virus |
