Central Place Theory AP Human Geography – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Consumer Services
answer
Provide services to individual consumers who desire them and can pay for them. i.e. Retail & Wholesale, Health & Social, Education, Leisure & Hospitality, Other U.S. Jobs
question
Business Services
answer
Facilitate the activities of other businesses. i.e. Professional, financial, transportation, and information
question
Public Services
answer
Provide security and protection for citizens and businesses. i.e. Government workers, Police, (public good)
question
Central Place Theory
answer
Explains the spacial arrangement, size, and number of settlements. Can be used to identify profitable location for services. 1933 German Geographer Walter Christaller
question
Christaller Assumptions
answer
*an isotropic (all flat) surface *an evenly distributed population *evenly distributed resources *similar purchasing power of all consumers and they will patronize the nearest market *transportation costs equal in all directions *no excess profits (perfect competition)
question
Central Place
answer
settlement that provides services for the population living around it.
question
Market Place / Hinterland
answer
area surrounding a service.
question
Range
answer
maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
question
Threshold
answer
minimum population required to support the service
question
low order services
answer
simple, basic services (grocery store)
question
high order services
answer
specialized (universities)
question
low order settlement
answer
provide low order services
question
high order settlements
answer
provide high order services
question
sphere of influence
answer
area under influence of the CP
question
Rank Size Rule
answer
a country' nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement 1-100,000 2-50,000 3-33,333 4-25,000
question
Primate City Rule
answer
Largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement Mexico City - 8.9 million Guadalajara - 1.5 million
question
Primate City
answer
Major City that works as the financial, political, and population center of a country.
question
Advantages of Primate Cities
answer
Large-scale economy Attract overseas investment Attractive places of migration Resources, services, and infrastructure
question
Disadvantages of Primate Cities
answer
Housing Shortages Traffic congestion Crime & pollution Urban/rural inequalities Concentration of power supplies Increasing land value Progressive core
question
Primate Cities Examples
answer
Paris, London, Mexico City, and Bangkok
question
Gravity Model
answer
predicts the degree of interaction between 2 places
question
Reilly's Law of Gravitation
answer
*variation of the gravity model *Reilly used this model to establish the hinterland *2 cities of the same size would have a trade area boundary exactly in the middle of each city - the smaller the city the *closer the hinterland. *boundary between both cities is known as the breaking point
question
Distance Decay
answer
The further away 2 cities or ideas are the less likely they are to interact and move directly related to the gravity model and Reilly's Law of Retail Gravitation
question
Offshore Financial Services
answer
small countries (i.e. islands or micro states) low or no taxes privacy and bank secrecy laws
question
Outsourcing
answer
insurance claims, transcription, celeriac work, low wages, speak english
question
Basic Industries
answer
exports or consumers outside the settlement.
question
Non Basic Incdustries
answer
costumers live in the same community
question
Clustered Rural Settlement
answer
a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, with fields surrounding the settlement. Hamlet or Village
question
Circular Rural Settlement
answer
Central open space surrounded by structures Kraal villages in sub-Saharan Africa
question
Linear Rural Settlements
answer
Buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communications - fields extent behind the buildings in long, narrow strips. French Long-lot system
question
Dispersed Rural Settlements
answer
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages. Midwest
question
Enclosure Movement
answer
Process of consolidating small land-holdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during 18th century Single farms more efficient Village populations declined and moved to cities Industrial Revolution
question
Urbanization
answer
Growth of Urban Settlements increase in number of people increase in the percentage of people living in cities
question
Significant Fact
answer
MDCs have a Higher % of urban residents ...but... LDCs have more large cities 8 out of 10 most populous cities Cario, Delhi, Jakarta
