Cell Cycle – Cancer and Mitosis – Flashcards
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cell cycle
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The regular sequence of growth & division that cells undergo.
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mitosis
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Cell's division (PMAT) of the nucleus. Final product is 2 cells that are exactly like the parent cell.
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the four phases of mitosis
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Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
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prophase
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first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
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metaphase
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the second stage in mitosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
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anaphase
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the third phase of mitosis , the chromatids of each chromosome separate/ split at the centromere and move in opposite
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telophase
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The fourth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun.
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cytokinesis
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division of cytoplasm after mitosis & meosis
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chromosomes
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A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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sister chromatids
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Duplicate copies of DNA, attached at a centromere; distributed to daughter cells
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centromere
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Area where the two copies of a chromosome are attached.
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interphase
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Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases
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spindle fibers
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Special microtubules made of proteins which connect to centromeres and pull apart chromosomes.
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G1 Phase
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Growth Phase: stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions, performs protein synthesis
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S Phase
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Synthesis Phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
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G2 Phase
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Growth Phase: The second growth phase, of the cell cycle, Cells prepare to divide
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DNA
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The cell's blueprint. A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule that determines the inherited traits of an organism.
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cancer
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A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
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tumor suppressor genes
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A gene whose protein products inhibit cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth (cancer).
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apoptosis
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Programmed cell death
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mutagen
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A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
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Nucleus
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Contains DNA
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Diploid
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2 sets of chromosomes
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Differentiation
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Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
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Stem cell
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unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells
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onco-
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cancer
