question

In Piaget's theory, the process of ______ is made up of two complementary activities: _____ and ________

answer

adaptation; assimilation; accommodation

question

Of the following, which event prompted the development of the first intelligence test?

answer

the beginning of universal public education

question

Research on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) indicates that

answer

deficient executive processing underlies ADHD symptoms

question

Baby Lakota drops her toy keys off the right side of her high chair three times in a row. Each time Lakota's father picks them up and gives them back to her. Next, she drops the keys off the left side but looks for them on the right side. This is because Lakota

answer

is making an A-not-B search error

question

Researchers studying infant cognition often use the ____ method to determine what infants understand about the physical world

answer

violations-of-expectation

question

Connectionist models

answer

show that gradual, internal learning often precedes changes in behavior that appear abrupt or stage-like

question

When solving basic addition problems, five year old Sid sometimes counts his fingers, sometimes starts with the lowest digit, or sometimes starts with he highest digit. According to Siegler's model of strategy choice,

answer

Sid's variability in strategy use is adaptive

question

According to fuzzy-trace theory, we have bias toward gist memory compared to literal versions because i

answer

requires less space in working memory

question

List three characteristics of children with ADHD

answer

inattention; irritability; excessive motor activity

question

Spearman proposed the concept of "g" after he found that

answer

all test items he examined correlated with one another

question

Of the following, which ability reflects fluid intelligence

answer

analyzing information

question

Gardner defines intelligence in terms of

answer

At least 8 independent intelligences that are based on distinct sets of processing info

question

Because most infant scores do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence assessed on older children, they are conservatively labeled ___ rather than IQ's

answer

developmental quotients

question

What is standardization

answer

When a test is given to a large representative group of people in order to determine the standard. This usually results in a bell shaped curve where most of the values are clustered around the mean

question

Research on language areas of the brain indicates that

answer

left hemisphere localization is unnecessary for effective language processing

question

According to Piaget, four year olds cannot solve a conservation of liquids problems because they

answer

focus on the height of the water, failing to realize the changes in width that compensate for the changes in height

question

Grammar consists of two main parts:

answer

syntax; morphology

question

Vygotsky believed that children's learning

answer

takes place within the zone of proximal development

question

From birth, infants prefer ______ over other kinds of adult talk

answer

child directed speech

question

On average, children say their first word around ____ months

answer

12

question

According to Vygotsky, the force that drives a child's cognitive development is

answer

participation in social dialogues with more knowledgeable individuals

question

Mother's exaggerated pronunciation in child-directed speech is strongly associated with

answer

6-12 month old's increasing sensitivity to phonemic categories of their native language

question

Cooing in infancy refers to

answer

one-syllable vowel-like noises

question

Of the following, which statement is supported by research on social and emotional intelligence

answer

emotional intelligence is positively associated with self esteem and life satisfaction

question

_____ of all deaf children have hearing parents who are not fluent in sign language

answer

the vast majority

question

As 3-year old Settje acquires language, ___develops ahead of _____

answer

comprehension; production

question

In Sternberg's theory, individuals who are high in practical intelligence excel at

answer

adapting their thinking to fit the demands of everyday worlds

question

Sean was not wearing a helmet when he flipped his ATV and subsequently suffered damage to his brain's frontal lobe. We can anticipate that sean will

answer

have difficulty producing language

question

Of the following, which statement is TRUE regarding stereotype threat and test performance?

answer

If aware of ethnic stereotypes, African-American and Hispanic children preform far worse in "test" conditions than in "not test" conditions

question

Children who learn how to solve math problems by rote

answer

cannot apply the procedure to new problems

question

Arethra's memory for her first trip to Disney world resides in her_____memory

answer

autobiographical

question

Studies of early reading show that

answer

too much emphasis on basic skills may cause children to lose sight of the goal of reading

question

Research on suggestibility shows that

answer

children are likely to give false information in high pressure conditions

question

Piaget's educational background in ______ influences his cognitive development theory

answer

biology

question

Of the following, which questions are most likely to appear first in a young child's speech

answer

"Daddy go work?"--> telegraphic speech

question

Lenneberg first proposed that children must acquire language during the brain lateralization process, which he believed was completed by

answer

puberty

question

Thurstone questioned the importance of "g" because

answer

his factor analysis indicated that separate, unrelated factors exist

question

The more influential information-processing theories of language development are derived from research with

answer

connectionists, or artificial neural network, models

question

The goal of Binet and Simon's original intelligence test was to

answer

develop an objective method for assigning pupils to special classes

question

Which of the following is an example of phonological awareness

answer

sensitivity to rhymes

question

Grammatical morphemes are

answer

acquired in a regular sequence by young English speaking children

question

According to the nativist perspective, deliberate training by parents _____ language development

answer

is unnecessary for

question

According to the core knowledge perspective, infants

answer

begin life with innate special purpose knowledge systems

question

Which of the following is likely to included in a preschooler's conversation about past experiences?

answer

leapfrog narratives

question

_____preschoolers spend time in solitary play, creating imaginary companions

answer

Many

question

Sasha says, "I better put my backpack near the front door so that I don't forget to take it to school". This demonstrates the successful application of Sash's

answer

metacognitive knowledge

question

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, mental tests measure analytical intelligence _____, thus ______ the intelligence of children in tribal and village society

answer

too narrowly; underestimating

question

In Case's neo-Piagetian theory, _______ when schemes are consolidated into improved representational forms

answer

children generate central conceptual structures

question

What are the three most common types of words in a young children's vocabulary?

answer

object; action; state

question

Piaget's theory is described as a constructivist approach because he

answer

viewed children as discovering all knowledge about their world through their own activity

question

Which of the following presents a challenge to Chomsky's theory

answer

children's mastery of grammatical forms is not immediate, but rather continuous and gradual

question

Nineteen month old Zachariah uses the word "dog" only to refer to his pet dog, Spot. He does not apply the "dog" label to any other dog than his own. Zachariah is making an error called

answer

under extension

question

According to lab research, babies as young as 6 weeks display

answer

deferred imitation

question

Memory span is a measure of

answer

working memory capacity

question

According to research on scripts, which list would preschoolers most easily recall

answer

cereal, eggs, bacon, toast

question

Dr. Bean believes that language development is a product of inner predispositions and environmental influences. Dr. Bean's belief is consistent with the ____ perspective.

answer

interactionist

question

Which of the following examples shows a child engaging in sociodramatic play

answer

three year old Henry plays "store" with his friends

question

Convergent thinking contrasts with divergent thinking because it involves

answer

the type of thinking emphasized on intelligence tests

question

Which of the following is true about phonological development

answer

children's first words are influenced by the small number of sounds they can produce

question

Bilingual preschoolers

answer

can acquire good-to-native ability in second language, depending on their exposure to it

question

Sara always says "please" and "thank you" in front of her grandmother, but not always when she is with her friends. This represents Sara's sensitivity to

answer

speech registers

question

Three year old Jamie recognizes that a scale model of his classroom is both an object in its own right and a symbol of the actual room. Jamie is showing understanding of

answer

dual representation

question

Between the ages of 3 and 5 years, children

answer

understand metaphors based on concrete, sensory comparisons

question

Research indicates that peer collaboration fosters development only under conditions

answer

of cooperative learning

question

Match each type of intelligence with the appropriate description practical; analytical; creative

answer

-application of intellectual skills to everyday situations -information processing skills -the capacity to solve novel problems

question

A common theme characterizing the diverse symptoms of ADHD is

answer

an impaired capacity to inhibit action in favor of thought

question

Recall is more difficult for children than recognition because it

answer

involves remembering a stimulus that is absent

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