question

Your boss is giving instructions for a new method of keeping expense accounts. However, you find it difficult to concentrate because you think the change is unnecessary. What type of barrier to effective listening are you experiencing?

answer

Psychological barrier

question

Amelia has made a conscious effort to become an active listener. Therefore, she shuts down her computer, turns off her cell phone, and asks her assistant to hold all incoming calls when she conducts interviews. What technique is she using to improve listening?

answer

Controlling her surroundings

question

When you decide the spoken or written means by which you will send a message, you have selected the ____________________ of communication.

answer

Channel

question

____________________ is defined as "the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another."

answer

Communication

question

Suzanne wants to make a good impression during a job interview. What should she do?

answer

Wear professional business attire.

question

The belief in the superiority of one's own culture is known as ____________________. This natural attitude is found in all cultures.

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

answer

Communication skills are critical to your job placement, performance, career advancement, and organizational success.

question

Which of the following statements is correct?

answer

Ethics is a priority for many businesses.

question

On the job you are more likely to be taken seriously and promoted if you

answer

look and sound professional.

question

The verbal and nonverbal responses of the receiver create ____________________, a vital part of the entire communication process that helps the sender know that the message was received and understood.

answer

feedback

question

Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that

answer

teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions.

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

answer

Businesses today generate a wide range of messages in a variety of media

question

When the receiver translates the message from its symbol form into meaning, it is known as ____________________.

answer

decoding

question

Learning about beliefs and practices different from our own and appreciating them means displaying

answer

tolerance

question

Nonverbal communication includes

answer

all unwritten and unspoken messages, intended or not.

question

Most people think that the best predictor of a speaker's true feelings is his or her

answer

eyes

question

North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. These traits identify the cultural dimension of

answer

communication style.

question

You can improve your listening skills if you follow tips for active listening, including

answer

keeping an open mind, establishing a receptive mind-set, and listening between the lines.

question

Working with people from other cultures will require tolerance. One of the best ways to become more tolerant is by

answer

practicing empathy.

question

The medium over which the message is transmitted is the

answer

Communication channel.

question

The manager noticed that Stephen slammed his desk drawer right after he said that he was happy to work late. The manager should

answer

politely seek additional information by saying, I'm not sure that you really want to stay late. Do you have somewhere you need to be?

question

According to Edward T. Hall, in which spatial zone do most people converse with friends and family members?

answer

Intimate

question

____________________ means learning about beliefs and practices different from our own and appreciating them. One of the best ways to develop this trait is to practice empathy.

answer

Tolerance

question

According to Edward T. Hall, which spatial zone is the largest?

answer

Public

question

Which of the following is a benefit of a diverse work environment?

answer

All are benefits of a diverse work environment.

question

According to research, what percentage of our work time is spent listening?

answer

50 Percent

question

Many of us are poor listeners because

answer

-we would rather talk than listen. -the brain can process information at least three times as fast as people talk. -we tend to "tune out" speakers whose ideas run counter to our own.

question

An oversimplified perception of a behavior pattern or characteristic applied to entire groups is a(n) ____________________.

answer

stereotype

question

Communication skills

answer

are ranked by recruiters at the top of qualities they most desire in job seekers.

question

Communication noise

answer

a. includes anything that disrupts the transmission of a message.

question

Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture?

answer

Keeping business and social relationships separate

question

Converting ideas into words or gestures to convey meaning is called

answer

encoding.

question

According to a model developed by cultural anthropologist Edward T. Hall, ____________________ refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event and is arranged on a continuum from low to high.

answer

context

question

____________________ cues include eye contact, facial expression, body movements, space, time, territory, and appearance.

answer

Nonverbal

question

Peter must inform his employees that his company will need to let go of employees. Which word would be best for Peter to use when conveying this idea to his employees?

answer

Layoff

question

Approximately how many words per minute do most North Americans speak?

answer

125

question

An American businessperson who thinks that all Swiss are hardworking, efficient, and neat is illustrating an example of

answer

stereotyping.

question

Communication is defined as "the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another." The crucial element of this definition is

answer

meaning.

question

The communication process begins when the sender

answer

has an idea.

question

When speaking with someone for whom English is a second language, you should talk slowly, enunciate clearly, check frequently for comprehension, observe eye messages, listen without interrupting, and

answer

follow up important messages in writing.

question

Translating the message from its symbol form into meaning involves

answer

decoding.

question

While conducting business with a customer from Italy, Zoe was careful to speak slowly and clearly, using short sentences and familiar words. However, she noticed that the customer had a glazed expression and did not understand her. Zoe should

answer

Graciously accept the blame for not making her meaning clear.

question

Communicators in ____ cultures (such as those in North America, Scandinavia, and Germany) depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. They tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented.

answer

low-context

question

Which of the following tips should you follow to improve your nonverbal communication skills?

answer

Proofread all correspondence you send.

question

Which of the following statements about feedback is most accurate?

answer

Feedback is the verbal response from the receiver.

question

Max is preparing a contract between his company and one in Mexico. What should he do when citing numbers in the contract?

answer

Use the metric system

question

A listener who nods her head and maintains eye contact with a speaker is probably

answer

listening actively to what the speaker is saying.

question

When writing for a multicultural audience, you are more likely to be understood if you use short sentences and short paragraphs and if you include

answer

action-specific verbs, such as e-mail me if you have any questions rather than contact me if you have any questions.

question

Megahertz Technology Solutions, Inc., recently suffered a discrimination lawsuit. Advice to improve its workforce diversity is likely to include understanding the value of differences, providing diversity training for employees, building on similarities, and

answer

making fewer assumptions.

question

Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is most accurate?

answer

Meanings of nonverbal behaviors are often influenced by one's culture.

question

Brian is attending a seminar on workplace efficiency and must make a presentation on this topic when he returns to work. Brian can increase his comprehension by keeping an open mind, listening for main points, taking selective notes, and

answer

judging ideas, not appearances.

question

Workers who communicate successfully with diverse audiences must make few assumptions, learn about their own and other cultures, and

answer

seek common ground.

question

Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture?

answer

Japan

question

Which of the following statements about today's business environments is most accurate?

answer

Many employees today no longer need an office; they can work anytime and anywhere.

question

In the communication process, ____________________ means converting an idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning.

answer

encoding

question

Chapter 2

answer

Chapter 2

question

Travis must determine the appropriate channel for an important business message. In this context channel refers to the

answer

medium through which the message is sent.

question

The first phase of the writing process involves analyzing the audience and your purpose for writing, anticipating your audience' reaction to your message, and

answer

adapting your message to the audience.

question

Business writing should be economical. In this context economical can best be defined as

answer

presenting ideas clearly and concisely.

question

____________________ is the process of creating a message that suits your audience. One important aspect of this process is tone. Conveyed largely by the words in a message, tone affects how a receiver feels after reading or hearing a message.

answer

Adaptation

question

Business writing should be persuasive. In this context persuasive can best be defined as

answer

getting your audience to believe and accept your message.

question

Business writers who use words such as interrogate, remuneration, and terminate are using language many readers would consider

answer

unfamiliar.

question

Catherine is proofreading her cover letter and résumé for accuracy before e-mailing them to a prospective employer. She is in the third phase of the writing process, which is the ____________________ phase.

answer

revising

question

Business writing should be purposeful. In this context purposeful can best be defined as

answer

solving problems and conveying information.

question

Before Melissa organizes and composes her message, she should ask two questions: (1) Why am I sending this message? and (2)

answer

What do I hope to achieve with this message?

question

Adapting your message to the audience involves

answer

thinking of the right words and tone to use in your message.

question

One technique that improves business writing is the use of empathy. Empathy refers to

answer

putting yourself in the receiver's shoes to adapt the message to the receiver's needs.

question

What communication channel would be most appropriate to deliver data to a customer?

answer

Report or proposal

question

Business messages should be conversational, professional, positive, and

answer

courteous.

question

Conveyed largely by the words in a message, ____________________ affects how a receiver feels after reading or hearing a message.

answer

tone

question

Francisco is writing an article for the company's intranet to encourage managers to use plain English. Which of these sentences uses an appropriate business style to express Francisco's point?

answer

Employees will respond better if you write e-mail messages with familiar language and a friendly, conversational style.

question

Which of the following demonstrates effective business writing?

answer

Will you please credit my account for $125 due to the computer error on May 1.

question

You are selecting a channel for sending your message. Which of the following is not a factor to consider when making this decision?

answer

Your competitors' channel use

question

Which of the following sentences demonstrates effective business writing?

answer

Enclosed is our latest catalog.

question

Michael usually holds team meetings on Tuesday mornings, but he needs to reschedule next week's meeting to Wednesday morning. To tell team members of the date change for the next meeting, Michael should

answer

send an e-mail.

question

____________________ describes technical or specialized terms within a field.

answer

Jargon

question

The channel of choice for corporate communicators today is clearly ____________________.

answer

e-mail

question

What is the primary way tone is conveyed through a business message?

answer

Language choice

question

Putting yourself in the receiver's shoes to better adapt your message to that person's needs is called ____________________.

answer

empathy

question

Experts say that writers should spend the most time in the ____ stage of the writing process.

answer

revising

question

The primary purpose of business writing is typically to inform or persuade; a common secondary purpose is to

answer

promote goodwill.

question

According to writing experts, approximately what percentage of time should you spend on the prewriting phase of a business message?

answer

25 percent

question

Marketing Director Kiprova will inform the board of directors that customers are not responding positively to the company's Paris Hilton ads. Which of the following is the most appropriate announcement?

answer

At the meeting you will receive reports on recent customer criticism of the new Paris Hilton ads.

question

What is the preferred channel choice for today's corporate communicators?

answer

Memos

question

Business writers are encouraged to use plain English, which means

answer

using active-voice verbs, personal pronouns, short sentences, and familiar words.

question

Human Resources Manager Claire Siu must inform Anthony that company job changes will require him to seek retraining or lose his position. The best channel for Ms. Siu to deliver this message is

answer

face-to-face communication.

question

Profiling the audience for a business message helps the writer

answer

identify the appropriate tone, language, and channel.

question

During the ____________________ phase of the writing process, the writer analyzes the audience and the purpose for writing.

answer

prewriting

question

An interesting theory called ____________________ richness describes the extent to which a channel or medium recreates or presents all the information available in the original message.

answer

media

question

When preparing a business message, you should make your writing audience oriented. Audience oriented means you should

answer

concentrate on looking at the problem from the receiver's perspective.

question

Which of the following communication channels is considered the richest medium?

answer

Face-to-face conversation

question

During the second phase of the writing process, you conduct research,

answer

organize ideas, and compose the message.

question

Theresa has emphasized second-person pronouns (you, your) instead of first-person pronouns (I/we, us, our) in a letter to a customer. She is using the ____________________ view.

answer

You

question

Sam is collecting and organizing information for a marketing report he is writing. Sam is involved in the second phase of the writing process, which is the ____________________ phase.

answer

Writing

question

What communication channel would be most appropriate when a written record or formality is required?

answer

Letter

question

As employees use instant messaging to conduct more business, they should send messages that are informal, conversational, and

answer

professional

question

Which of the following sentences best focuses on the audience?

answer

Register now to lock in your preferred travel dates.

question

What question should you ask to visualize your audience?

answer

All answer choices are questions you should ask to visualize your audience.

question

In the final phase of the writing process, check the message for clarity and readability, proofread for errors, and

answer

evaluate for effectiveness.

question

Create a conversational but professional tone in letters, e-mail messages, instant messages, and memos by

answer

using familiar words, occasional contractions, and pronouns such as you and I.

question

Which of the following sentences demonstrates conversational business writing?

answer

I am upset about your return policy.

question

Business messages should use positive language rather than negative language. Positive language

answer

tells what is and what can be done.

question

Which of the following represents the best business writing?

answer

You can return all resalable merchandise for a store credit.

question

Which of the following is most acceptable for business writing?

answer

All physicians must carry their own malpractice insurance.

question

Which of the following is most acceptable for business writing?

answer

Sheila will examine the job proposal carefully.

question

An interesting theory called ____________________ richness describes the extent to which a channel or medium recreates or represents all the information available in the original message.

answer

Media

question

Which of the following demonstrates effective business writing?

answer

The new tax rule applied to individuals over 62.

question

Which of the following demonstrates effective business writing?

answer

The office personnel will assist you with your forms.

question

What question should you ask to visualize your audience?

answer

All answer choices are questions you should ask to visualize your audience.

question

Which of the following demonstrates effective business writing?

answer

Victoria uses a wheelchair.

question

Which of the following demonstrates effective business writing?

answer

The new tax rule applied to individuals over 62.

question

Which of the following demonstrates effective business writing?

answer

A record number of Japanese investors are purchasing real estate in the United States.

question

What communication channel would be most appropriate when you must share digital information with other members of your work team?

answer

Wiki

question

Jorge must inform Samantha that she is not eligible to have an August vacation for which she recently applied. Which of the following sentences best demonstrates the "you" view Jorge should use in denying Samantha's application?

answer

Although the August vacation schedule is full, you may qualify for a vacation in September if you apply now.

question

Which of the following represents a goal for business writers?

answer

You should get your audience to believe and accept your ideas.

question

Business writing should be economical. In this context economical can best be defined as

answer

presenting ideas clearly and concisely.

question

Chapter 3

answer

Chapter 3

question

What kind of sentence contains at least two independent clauses and a dependent clause?

answer

Compound-complex sentence

question

What is a run-on sentence?

answer

Two independent clauses run together without punctuation or a conjunction

question

Yosevin began his memo with background information and explanations before announcing a reduction in health insurance coverage. The strategy Yosevin used is called

answer

indirect

question

You will create clear, readable messages if you

answer

group similar items together and emphasize important ideas.

question

Long reports and complex business problems generally require some use of ____________________ research methods.

answer

formal

question

Paragraphs are coherent when

answer

ideas are linked; that is, one idea leads logically to the next.

question

In the ____________________ pattern of organization, the main idea comes first, followed by details, an explanation, or evidence.

answer

direct

question

Many routine writing tasks such as composing e-mail messages or informational reports require that you collect information informally by

answer

looking in the files.

question

What is a comma splice?

answer

Two independent clauses joined by a comma without a conjunction

question

What kind of sentence contains only one independent clause?

answer

Simple sentence

question

Persuasive and bad-news messages should usually use the ____________________ pattern.

answer

indirect

question

According to communication experts, what is the greatest failing of business writers?

answer

Poor organization

question

Which of the following uses parallel structure?

answer

Big business demands superior forecasting, reporting, and analyzing.

question

What do most writers use as the first sentence in a paragraph?

answer

Topic sentence

question

How should the following be classified? Liana called ReliaCare she also requested a new bid for health insurance premiums.

answer

Fused or run-on sentence

question

Which of the following business messages would use the direct strategy?

answer

An e-mail to your staff reminding them of the upcoming all-staff meeting

question

When you expect a reader of your message to be uninterested, unwilling, displeased, or hostile, you should

answer

explain all background information first.

question

A(n) ____________________ sentence contains an independent clause (a complete thought) and a dependent clause (a thought that cannot stand by itself).

answer

complex

question

Paragraphs should

answer

contain eight or fewer printed lines.

question

Which of the following contains no sentence faults?

answer

HealthNet's coverage is extensive, and the rates are fair.

question

Effective paragraphs

answer

All answer choices are correct.

question

Which of the following is a simple sentence?

answer

HMO and PPO insurance plans offer additional cost savings.

question

Which formal research source is best to obtain firsthand information?

answer

Interviews

question

Looking in the files and talking with your boss are methods of ____________________ research.

answer

informal

question

Transitional expressions such as next, first, and finally are useful to show

answer

time association.

question

What is a sentence fragment?

answer

A broken-off part of a complex sentence

question

Which of the following message openings is the most direct opening for an e-mail message announcing a new telecommuting plan?

answer

Our new telecommuting program will begin on August 1.

question

The refund authorization was processed by our customer service representative is an example of a sentence using the ____________________ voice.

answer

passive

question

When brainstorming to generate ideas, you should

answer

record ideas without judging them.

question

What kind of sentence contains two independent clauses?

answer

Compound sentence

question

Which of the following kinds of business messages typically use the indirect strategy?

answer

Sensitive messages

question

Organizing your ideas into an outline is especially important when you are

answer

developing a complex project.

question

As interns in human resource management, Brad and his team are administering a professionally developed employee questionnaire to collect information on workplace violence. This type of research produces data that is considered

answer

firsthand information.

question

The direct strategy would be most appropriate when

answer

expecting the audience to be pleased, mildly interested, or neutral.

question

Which of the following uses only active voice in a complete sentence?

answer

A few unhappy customers criticized the company's rigid return policy.

question

Which of the following is a formal research method?

answer

Organizing a focus group

question

Most writers can compose their business messages more effectively if they

answer

have a quiet environment in which to concentrate.

question

Active-voice sentences

answer

place the subject of the sentence as the doer of the action.

question

Formal research methods are generally required for what type(s) of business document(s)?

answer

Long reports and complex business problems

question

When should passive voice be used in business writing?

answer

When you want to de-emphasize negative news

question

A dangling ____________________ results when the word or phrase the modifier describes is missing from its sentence.

answer

Modifier

question

Before and meanwhile are examples of transitional expressions that show ____________________ association.

answer

time

question

To emphasize an idea through style, place it

answer

in a simple sentence.

question

Which of the following is an advantage of the direct strategy?

answer

Saves the reader time

question

Which of the following sentences is most effective in de-emphasizing the bad news?

answer

Although cash refunds are not offered, you can exchange resalable merchandise.

question

What is the recommended maximum number of words for a sentence?

answer

20

question

Which of the following is an advantage of the indirect strategy?

answer

Respects the feelings of the audience

question

Stephanie is preparing a market analysis for her business plan. For firsthand information she should

answer

conduct interviews and surveys or organize a focus group.

question

What kind of sentence contains an independent clause and a dependent clause?

answer

Complex sentence

question

Ahna is sending a persuasive memo to her staff asking them to participate in the new wellness program. Which of the following sources of information would be most appropriate to help Ahna shape an effective persuasive message for her staff?

answer

Questionnaires and surveys of employees

question

Matthew must develop a proposal for his supervisor that will describe the cost savings for an automated call center. Where should he begin?

answer

Researching the proposal

question

Quality Building Materials Inc. has developed a new whole-house weather blanket and needs to determine the price point at which builders would switch to this new product. The best research method for this is a(n)

answer

scientific experiment that presents price choices with controlled variables.

question

To emphasize an idea through mechanics, place it in

answer

Any of these techniques would emphasize the idea.

question

Before composing a business document, you should gather information that will answer which of these questions?

answer

What is the receiver to do?

question

Organizing data includes two processes. These processes are

answer

grouping and strategizing.

question

How should the following be classified? ReliaCare increased insurance premiums by 28 percent for our next fiscal year, that is why we are seeking new insurance bids.

answer

Comma splice

question

The dangers of using slang in business writing include

answer

All answer choices are correct.

question

When using either a bulleted or numbered list, capitalize the initial word of each line and always follow each idea with end punctuation.

answer

False

question

A(n) ____________________ is a group of sentences about one idea.

answer

Paragraph

question

Chapter 4

answer

Chapter 4

question

Which of the following statements about revision is most accurate?

answer

Some business writers prefer to compose first drafts quickly and revise later; others prefer to revise as they go.

question

Which of the following is the best advice to follow when you proofread a document?

answer

Read the document at least twice.

question

It is important to avoid long lead-ins because

answer

the reader is delayed from reaching the meaning of the sentence.

question

Shoot from the hip is an example of a(n) ____________________, which is an expression that has been exhausted by overuse.

answer

cliche

question

Proofreading includes which of the following tasks?

answer

Correcting spelling, grammar, punctuation, names and numbers, and format

question

Well-designed documents enhance readability and comprehension and

answer

make readers think the writer is a well-organized and intelligent person.

question

Branch managers of First Federated Savings and Loan received this e-mail message: Please inform all personal that management retains the right to check personal belongings of employees before employees leave the bank. What error did the writer make?

answer

A proofreading error

question

I am writing this letter to inform you that is an example of

answer

a long lead-in.

question

Which of the following is most precise?

answer

The board approved a 34 percent budget increase.

question

Which sentence avoids redundant expressions?

answer

Let's not repeat our competitor's mistakes.

question

In any business document, use at least three typefaces to add emphasis and contrast.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is a redundant expression?

answer

Absolutely essential

question

Words such as definitely, quite, actually, extremely, and totally are

answer

adverbs that should be used only sparingly in business writing.

question

You can write the flabby phrase Due to the fact that more concisely as

answer

because

question

There are 15 candidates who applied for the job opening is an example of a sentence with

answer

a filler

question

Which statement regarding type sizes and fonts is accurate?

answer

Fonts include caps, boldfacing, italics, underlining, outlining, and shadowing.

question

Which of the following sentences demonstrates concise writing?

answer

Cherrie Hull will be our interim director effective May 1.

question

Which statement regarding headings is accurate?

answer

Headings highlight information and improve readability.

question

Dylan is designing his document to enhance readability and comprehension. What is the best advice you can give Dylan?

answer

Create white space by using headings, bulleted or numbered lists, short paragraphs, and effective margins.

question

Empty space on a page

answer

is called white space.

question

____________________ involves correcting the grammar, spelling, punctuation, format, and mechanics of your messages.

answer

Proofreading

question

You should eliminate phrases like basic fundamentals and combined together because they represent ____________________ expressions.

answer

redundant

question

Which of the following sentences demonstrates clear writing?

answer

Lindsey Goulet asked production employees to work on Saturday.

question

____________________, which appear most often in reports, are an effective tool for highlighting information and improving readability because they encourage the writer to group similar material together and help readers separate major ideas from details.

answer

Headings

question

____________________, which occurs during the third phase of the writing process, means improving the content and sentence structure of your message. It may include adding, cutting, recasting, reformatting, and redesigning what you have written.

answer

Revising

question

Which of the following expressions is most modern?

answer

Enclosed is

question

Katelyn is writing a letter to thank a potential employer for her job interview. Which of these sentences contains modern expressions Katelyn should use?

answer

You will note that my coursework has thoroughly prepared me for your medical technician position.

question

The accountants performed an analysis of the financial statements. This sentence contains a verb that has been converted to a(n) ____________________.

answer

Noun

question

Which statement about typefaces is true?

answer

For most business messages, you should choose from the serif or sans serif categories.

question

Which of the following is true about writing and revising business documents?

answer

Experts say only amateurs expect writing perfection on the first try.

question

Which of the following sentences is most effective?

answer

Your account is now up-to-date.

question

Monica lost a promotion due to poor writing skills. Which phase of the writing process should she most focus on to demonstrate better writing skills?

answer

Revising and proofreading

question

Which of the following sentences avoids noun conversion?

answer

The scholarship committee approved the plan.

question

To improve readability and comprehension through white space,

answer

use approximately 20 or fewer words per sentence.

question

Clichés are

answer

overused expressions.

question

There are three building sites we are considering. This use of There are is an example of a(n) ____________________.

answer

Filler

question

Which of the following statements regarding bulleted or numbered lists is accurate?

answer

Lists allow readers to review main ideas quickly.

question

Which of the following sentences avoids clichés?

answer

Please encourage your department members to join the health club.

question

Which statement about margins and text alignment is true?

answer

Margins define the reading area and provide important visual relief.

question

When creating a bulleted or numbered list,

answer

express all ideas similarly.

question

Which of the following sentences avoids jargon and slang?

answer

All companies must follow the guidelines outlined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

question

____________________ is composed of informal words with arbitrary and extravagantly changed meanings. These words quickly go out of fashion because they are no longer appealing when everyone begins to understand them.

answer

slang

question

Which of the following best avoids a long lead-in?

answer

Yes, we will send the information you requested.

question

I am sending this e-mail message to inform you that is an example of a long ____________________.

answer

lead-in

question

Which of the following sentences contains the best use of vivid adjectives without overkill?

answer

The resort offered luxurious suites with Jacuzzi tubs and saunas.

question

How many typefaces should you use in a business document?

answer

No more than two

question

Long sentence lead-ins

answer

are unnecessary introductory words.

question

Jargon

answer

is specialized terminology that individuals in a specific profession or field use.

question

Which statement is accurate?

answer

Business messages must be clear, concise, and readable.

question

Converting verbs into noun expressions

answer

drains verb strength.

question

Converting verbs into noun expressions

answer

drains verb strength.

question

Converting verbs into noun expressions

answer

drains verb strength.

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