Carbohydrates: Digestion & Absorption – Flashcards
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What is the major monosaccaride found in the body?
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Glucose
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Glucose also is known as?
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Dextrose
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Which of the following is true?
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Glucose and Galactose form Lactose
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The term "Simple Carbohydrates" refers to?
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monosaccaride and disaccaride
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Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose?
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Sugar cane
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Which of the following is a major source of Lactose?
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Skim milk
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The monosaccarides important in nutrition are?
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Fructose, Glucose and Galactose
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which of the following is true about carbohydrates digestion?
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Carbohydrates digestion is assisted by cooking, soften soft skin
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what enzyme is responsible for carbohydrates digestion in the small intestine?
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Pancreatic amylase
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Carbohydrates digestion begina in the?
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Mouth with salivary amylase
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Amylase is?
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An enzyme that digests starch
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what is the fate of disaccaride not digested in the small intestine?
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they pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria.
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which of the following describes the process of starch digestion?
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Starch to glycogen to glucose
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glucose is absorbed via ---- absorption?
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active
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which of the following is NOT true of carbohydrates absorption?
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Maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver.
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lactose intolerance is caused by?
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Lactose deficiency
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the major symptoms of lactose intolerance are?
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gas, abdominal pain and distention
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those with lactose intolerance usually can consume all the following EXCEPT?
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some cheese
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the main function of glucose is to?
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supply energy
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which organ will first receive sugar after they are absorbed into the blood?
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Liver
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which of the following hormones corrects a hyPERglycemic state?
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Insulin
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when insulin is released, it causes?
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Muscles and fat cells to increase glucose uptake
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which of the following hormones is released to correct a hyPOglycemic state?
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Glucagon
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which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use?
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Ephinephrine
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for which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source?
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liver
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you are on a diet and eating less than 50grams of carbohydrates per day. the claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrates diet?
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Protein in muscles, heart, and other vitual organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.
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Glycogen is?
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a high branched polysaccaride
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starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule?
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glucose
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Amylose is?
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a long, straight glucose chain
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which of the following has the most starch?
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1 cup of kidney beans
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the major storage sites for glycogen are?
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muscles and liver
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dietary fivers primarily are?
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polysaccaride
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Viscous (soluble) fibers?
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can lower blood cholesterol
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dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer?
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colon
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John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. which of the following would be the safest way for him to do this?
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eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels
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which of the following foods would have the most fiber?
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Corn flakes
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what is the minimum number of grams of carbohydrates, per day, human must consume to avoid Ketosis?
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130
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The world Health organization recommends limiting added sugar intake to ----percent of our total kcalories?
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10
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which of the following breakfast would be highest in carbohydrates?
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8 ounce orange juice, 2 cups cream wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, and 1 cup of whole milk
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which of the following is NOT characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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arises most commonly in adulthood
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all of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus EXCEPT?
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the least common form of diabetes
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the most important dietary approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes muellitus is to?
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lose body fat
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LIPIDS: DIGESTION & ABSORPTION
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...
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which of the following would you buy if you wanted the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content?
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liquid, squeezable margarine, made from safflower oil
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what is the composition of the triglyceride form of fats?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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most fats in foods and the body are composed of?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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the three-carbon structure to which fatty acids are attached in triglycerides is called?
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glycerol
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how many carbons do long-chain fatty acids contain?
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12 or more
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a diglyceride consist of?
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1 glycerol and 2 fatty acids
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which of the following is TRUE about cholesterol?
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it is found only in animal products
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gram for gram, which of the following contains the most cholesterol?
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liver
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Hydrogenation produces what kinds of fat?
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Trans-fatty acids
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which of the following would be a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
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safflower oil
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if a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be ----at room temperature?
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solid
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which of the following is NOT a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
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palm oil
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all of the following are sources of cholesterol EXCEPT
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peanut butter
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olive oil contains abundant amounts of which type of fatty acids?
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monosaturated
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triglycerides in food are said to have satiety value primarily because?
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they require bile to be digested
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"hidden" fat includes?
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fat in crackers and other grain products
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the main reason for hydrogenating fats is to?
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change a liquid fat to a solid fat
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which of the following contains the greatest percentage of calories from fat (in a typical serving size)?
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margarine
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timothy wants to aviod eating too much hydrogenerated fat. all of the following are appropriate ways EXCEPT?
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eating packaged cookies and desserts made with vegetable shortening
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which of the following is TRUE about the fate of fatty acide after absorption?
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fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the blood and then the liver via portal vein
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when triglycerides are digested, before being absorbed, they are converted to a mixture of ?
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monoglycerides and fatty acids
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the major fat-digestion enzyme is?
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pepsin
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the lipoprotein that carries triglyceride made by the liver to the rest of the body is the?
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very-low desity lipoprotein
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after chylemicrons leave the intestinal cells, they are transported via what system?
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Lymphatic
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Pancreatic lipase digests?
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fats
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after absorption, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells are?
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reformed into triglycerides
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which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion?
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low-density lipoprotien
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lipoprotein contains all of the following components EXCEPT?
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carbohydrates
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once the chylomicrons arrive at their destination via the bloodstream, the triglyceride in the chylomicrons are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by an enzyme associated with the blood vessels called---- lipase?
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lipoprotein
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the main regulator of blood cholesterol level is?
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the liver
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to be transported throughout the body, fats are packaged in structures called?
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lipoprotein
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immediately after a meal, newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as ?
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chlyomicrons
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which of the following is TRUE about trans fatty acids found in hydrogenated fats?
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when consumed, they can rise serum LDL cholesterol
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an essentail omage-3 fatty acids with 18 carbons and 3 double bond is called?
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alpha-linoleic acid
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which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
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linoleic
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which of the following contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids?
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salmon
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name an omega-3 fatty acid with 20 carbons and 5 double bonds, found in fatty fish and synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid?
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Eicosapentaenoic (EPA)
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studies of Greenland Eskimos, among others, have demonstarted a relationship between the consumption of fish and the risk for heart disease, what is the most likely mechanism for the reduction of heart disease risk when fish is consumed?
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fish contains fatty acids that decreases blood clotting
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one of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, and also a good source of plant sterols is?
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walnuts
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the safest way to get measurable heart disease risk-reducing benefits from consuming omega-3 fatty acids would be to?
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eat oily fish, such as salmon, 2 times a week
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the body energy that can be stored in almost unlimited amounts is?
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glucose
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the major function of adipose tissue is to?
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synthesize protein for muscles
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the body stores excessive protein as?
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amino acids
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which of the following does NOT describe a function of fat?
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adds flavor to food
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all of the following describes the characteristics of fat cells EXCEPT?
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the number of fat cells decreases when fat is lost in the body
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phospholipids are the main components of?
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cell membranes
