Cancer Test Health – Flashcards
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Risk Factors for cancer
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tobacco, diet/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of cancer, occupational factors, Viruses (HPV), Alcohol, Environmental Pollution
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Neoplasm
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a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer
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Why does metastasis occur?
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Because cancer cells do not stick together as well as normal cells so they break away from tumor and spread
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How are cancers classified?
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according to the types of cells, retain some of the original properties of the host cell
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Carcinoma
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most common cancer, can be one cell deep in tissue (breast/ lung cancer)
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Sarcoma
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solid cancer, arise in connective and fibrous tissue
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How many Americans are diagnosed yearly? How many men and women will be diagnosed in their life?
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1.3 million Americans are diagnosed yearly 1/2 men and 1/3 women will be diagnosed in life
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How many cases of cancer are cured?
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More than 1/2
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How many people who get cancer will die of it?
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40%
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What is the most common cancer in men? Women?
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Prostate Cancer- Men Breast Cancer- Women
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What is the deadliest/ second deadliest cancer?
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Lung Cancer (1)/ Pancreatic Cancer (2-no symptoms till later stages)
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Lung Cancer Risk Factors
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Tobacco smoking (87% of people w Lung Cancer smoked)
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Detection Lung Cancer
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symptoms are not detected until cancer reaches invasive stage, chest X-ray or sputum (saliva+mucus) examination, fiber-optic bronchosectomy
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Lung Cancer symptoms
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Persistent Cough, Chest pain, recurring Bronchitis
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Lung Cancer Treatment
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Surgery, chemotherapy (although lung cancer is very resistant to it), LUNG CANCER IS VERY DIFFICULT TO TREAT
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Colon and Rectal Cancer Risk Factors/ Symptoms
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diet, genetic predisposition, after 50 yr of age, up to 1/3 of the population is genetically prone// Rectal Bleeding
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What is the best diet to defend against Colon/ Rectal Cancer?
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Low in fat and high in fiber
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Breast Cancer Ratio of women to have it/ Facts/ Data
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-1:8 American women will have it in life -5 year survival rate is 79%
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Breast Cancer Risk Factors
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women over 50, "Disease of civiliation"- processed foods, chemicals in air, genes, high fat/ high calorie diet, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol use, early onset of menstruation, first child after 30, obesity
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Estrogen is a...
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carcinogen
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Breast Cancer detection
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self-exam, breast exam by physician every year, mammogram every year
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Prostate Cancer Fact
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3rd leading cause of cancer deaths
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Prostate Cancer Risk Factors/ Detection
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age, diet, lifestyle, genes, "aging" cancer// EARLY DETECTION IS KEY- PSA Blood Test
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Prostate Cancer Treatment
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surgical removal of prostate/ radiation
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Female Reproductive Tract
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Uterus, Cervix or Ovaries
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Cervical Cancer
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sexually transmitted, 80% stems from infection by HPV (unprotected sex), PAP test
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Cervical Cancer Fact
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Most common in women in their 20s and 30s
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Cervical Cancer Risk Factors
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sexual intercourse before 18, multiple sex partners, cigarette smoking contribute to cervical cancer
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Uterine or Endometrial Age/ Detection/ Treatment
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after age 55/ determined by medical exam/ treatment is surgery (hystorectomy)
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Ovarian Cancer
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-difficult to detect or diagnose, no warning signs -family history or genetic factors, determined by pelvic exam -treatment is surgery and radiation
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Skin Cancer Risk Factors
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sunburns and suntans, exposure to UV rays during childhood (blistering sunburn)
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Skin Cancer Types
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Basal, Squamous, Melanoma
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How should a mole typically look?
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-the mole should be symmetrical -there should be an even, clearly defined border -the color should be the same throughout the whole mole -the size should be no more than ¼ inch in diameter
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When do most men get testicular cancer?
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early 20s- mid 30s
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Testicular Cancer Symptoms
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often first detected by the patient discovering a lump or swelling in a testicle, other symptoms include testicular pain or discomfort, testicular enlargement, aches in the abdomen, back, or groin; or a fluid collection in the scrotum
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Testicular Cancer Risk Factors
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undescended testicles, history of family testicular cancer and being white
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Leukemia
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-Abnormal production of immature WBCs; rapidly growing cells displace red blood cells -Immature WBCs cannot fight off infections
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Tumor Suppressor Genes
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a gene that protects a cell from mutating into cancer
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What foods are bad and cause cancer?
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saturated fats, meats, alcohol
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Radiation
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a cause and cure of cancer
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Diagnosing Cancer
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Biopsy, MRI, CT (computed tomography), Ultrasonography, PSA Blood Test
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CAUTION ACRONYM
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gives the warning signs of cancer
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Cancer Treatment
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Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy
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New Treatments/ Experiments
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Gene therapy, Bone marrow and Stem Cell transplants, Biological therapies
