BYU Review 5 – Flashcards

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question
What is a disease that is transmitted by an infectious agent such as a virus or bacteria?
answer
communicable
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Which disease CANNOT be vaccinated against?
answer
heart disease
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Wounds, coughing, sneezing, vomiting describe what part of the chain of infection?
answer
means of an exit
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What is the BEST thing people can do to reduce the spread of infection?
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wash hands frequently through the day
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What are some non-communicable diseases
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arthritis, Alzheimer's, heart disease
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What infection is transmitted by mosquitoes and can possibly lead to death?
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West Nile Virus
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Which form of hepatitis is transmitted by the fecal-oral route or not washing hands after using the bathroom?
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Hep A
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Which infection is actually caused by a prion that punches holes in the brain resulting in a loss of movement and sensation?
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BSE
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Which infection attacks the T-cells impairing the immune response?
answer
HIV
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What bacteria can be sent in a powdery form to aid in bioterrorism?
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anthrax
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Which disorder is associated with the inability to breathe because the air passages narrow and fill with mucous?
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Asthma
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Carcinoma
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cancer of the epithelial tissue-like skin, breast, and lung
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Lymphoma
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cancer of the lymphatic tissue like lymph nodes
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Sarcoma
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cancer of the connective tissue like bone and muscle
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Leukemia
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cancer of the blood and blood-forming tissue
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What is the name of a cancerous tumor that spreads beyond its borders?
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malignant
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Three challenges that can accompany living with chronic illness
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expensive medication and equipment, emotional challenges dealing with the idea of death or physical impairment, physical limitations that affect work and hobbies
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Which health care worker would be responsible for helping someone learn how to walk again after they have suffered a stroke?
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physical therapist
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Which health care worker would be responsible for designing a diet for someone who had a heart attack and also suffers from atherosclerosis and hypertension?
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dietitian
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Which health care worker would be responsible for getting a sample of blood from a patient that could be used to test sugar levels for diabetes?
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phlebotomist
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What are 3 forms of anthrax infection?
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skin, digestive, respiratory
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Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease: common cold, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's
answer
common cold
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Which is the most prominent and preventable risk factor contributing to lung cancer?
answer
smoking
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What is the single most effective means of breaking the chain of infection?
answer
washing hands frequently throughout the day
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When the body doesn't produce insulin, what is the effect?
answer
cells don't absorb enough glucose and the blood sugar is high
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Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of death in the US today: pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, stroke, heart attack
answer
pneumonia
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A 52 year old women feels a squeezing, crushing pain in her chest. The pain also extends to her left arm, neck, and shoulder. She is short of breath. What is she suffering from?
answer
a heart attack
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When does the HIV positive stage move into full-blown AIDS
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when the T-cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter
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The loss of which hormone contributes to osteoporosis?
answer
estrogen
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Disorders related to hypertension...
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stroke, heart attack, congestive heart failure
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What is the only way to avoid contracting a STD
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abstinence
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What can help the body improve one's own immunity and life-long resistance to specific types of infectious diseases?
answer
vaccinations
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What disease is caused by a bacteria and can be sent in a powdery form for bioterrorism and leads to difficulty breathing and even death?
answer
anthrax
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Symptoms of diabetes mellitus
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excessive urination, thirst, hunger
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Reasons it is difficult to cope with a chronic illness
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loss of physical independence which requires more assistance with the activities of daily living, financial obligations to cover treatment and care that health insurance may not cover, dealing with depression and grief for the diagnosis
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What could cause a non-communicable disease?
answer
smoking
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What could cause a communicable disease?
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bacteria, fungi, viruses
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What is the most fatal form of skin cancer associated with moles?
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malignant melanoma
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Ways HIV can be spread
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sex, blood transfusion, breast-feeding
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Which health care professional is responsible for providing an ultrasound to a pregnant woman to visualize the fetus and its development?
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radiologic technician
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What best increases the chance of surviving nearly any type of cancer?
answer
early detection
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Behaviors that help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease
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maintaining healthy eight, exercising regularly, eating a low-fat diet
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Which type of diabetes generally occurs in young adults and children and always requires insulin as part of the treatment plan?
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type 1
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What infection is transmitted by mosquitoes and is relatively new to the United States and can cause flu-like symptoms that can result in encephalitis? by mosqu
answer
West Nile Virus
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Which fat leads to atherosclerosis and can contribute to one's risk of a heart attack or stroke?
answer
cholesterol
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Which of the following is false: There is no cure for HIV infection, Only homosexual men get AIDS, Many HIV-infected people look and feel fine, The virus that causes AIDS attacks the immune system.
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Only homosexual men get AIDS
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What is the most common way hepatitis A is transmitted?
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fecal-oral route
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Symptoms of BSE
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loss of the ability to sense, move, and think
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What is key to improve cancer's survival rates?
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programs that stress early detection and intervention
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What is metastasis?
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cancer cells leaving a tumor and invading other parts of the body
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Which STD can cause blindness in a newborn baby if it infects the baby's eyes during the birth process while producing a greenish yellowish drainage from the reproductive organs of the infected adults?
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gonorrhea
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What can people do to reduce their risk of developing type 2, or adult-onset, diabetes?
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eat a healthy diet and maintain a proper body weight
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Which organ is affected by hepatitis?
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Liver
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What is the cause of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?
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Prions
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What is hypertension?
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high blood pressure
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How is brain tissue destroyed be a stroke?
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A blocked artery deprives parts of the brain of oxygen
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Warning signs of skin cancer
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thickening or lumps, unusual bleeding or discharge, a sore that does not heal
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How people with asthma feel during an asthma attack
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like they are trying to breathe through what feels like a small straw
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What is a typical reason that a 2 yr. old should see a health care provider?
answer
to receive an immunization
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How is hepatitis B typically transmitted?
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contaminated blood or sexual contact
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Which STD begins as chancres or open lesions on the reproductive organs and can invade the nervous system causing difficulty speaking, headaches, blurred or diminishing vision, seizures, problems with memory and thinking, and depression?
answer
Syphilis
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The lack of which hormone form the pancreas prevents the body from regulating its own blood sugar?
answer
insulin
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Which condition best describes atherosclerosis?
answer
fatty plaque and cholesterol buildup inside arteries
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Which birth defect occurs when the roof of the mouth does not fuse together?
answer
Cleft Palate
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While visiting your grandmother, you notice she loses her balances easily, has slurred speech, and is confused. Why should you get professional help from her health care provider?
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She may be having a stroke and needs immediate care
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How does HIV affect the body?
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It infects certain white blood cells, destroying the immune system and making the body susceptible to infection.
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What is the disease that involves changes in the nerves and chemicals of the brain leading to memory loss, personality changes, and complete dependency?
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Alzheimer's
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What can people do to reduce their risk of developing skin cancer?
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wear sunscreen or protective clothing when outside
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Which bacterial STD is the most common in the United States causing the formation of a painless lesion which may result in scarring of the pelvic organs and sterility?
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Chlamydia
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What is the general name for all infections that cause diarrhea to occur?
answer
Dysentery
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