Business Law Exam 1 Study Guide – Flashcards

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The Supreme Law of America, which establishes general organization of goverment, and is the basis of ALL law is the ______.
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The US Constitution
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Laws passed by Federal congress and the state legislatures is called a _____.
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Statutory Laws
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When a Statutory Law is passed, it becomes part of the ____.
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Federal Code
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Laws passed by lower levels of government (municipal or county government) and usually only effect certain communities are called ____.
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Ordinances
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An unofficial set of laws proposed for all states to adopt as written, for the purpose of their being more uniformity of laws from state to state are called ______.
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Uniform Laws
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Rules, decisions of governmental administrative agencies. These law bodies regulate the operation and procedures of government agencies and is called _____.
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Administrative Law
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Speech protected in advertising and marketing, is not as protected as noncommercial speech, and the govt can restrict if the issue is legitimate is called ____.
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Commercial Speech
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A statute enacted by Congress that authorizes creation of an Administrative Agency and specifies the name, composition, purpose, and powers of the agency being created. This is called _____.
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Enabling Legislation
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The body of law developed from custom or judicial decisions in English courts, not attributable to a legislature is known as ____.
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Common Law
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A court decision that furnishes an example or authority for deciding subsequent cases involving identical or similar facts is called a _____.
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Legal Precedent
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A common law doctrine under which judges are obligated to follow the precedents established in prior decisions is known as _____.
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Stare Decisis
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T/F, A court can depart from legal precedent if they feel it is incorrect, or that technological changes and/or social changes have rendered the precedent inapplicable.
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True
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In the early days of English courts, they could only provide money or land as compensation for harm or damage - these remedies were known as _____.
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Remedies at Law
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In later years of English courts, better remedies were provided when money could not suffice as compensation - these became known as _____.
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Remedies in Equity
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What type of remedy in equity makes the defendant to stop whatever they are doing that is bothering the plaintiff?
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Injunction
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What type of remedy in equity makes the defendant to do whatever it is they promised (in a contract) to do for the plaintiff?
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Specific Performance
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What type of remedy in equity gets the court to nullify a contract that was not truthful and restore the parties to the point where they had been before the contract was signed?
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Rescission of a Contract
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Under what clause in the constitution does Congress get the power to regulate commerce?
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The Commerce Clause
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What type of freedom of speech do businesses have when they can spend their money to fund electioneering communications?
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Political Speech
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What type of freedom of speech do businesses have when they advertise and market?
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Commercial Speech
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T/F, the government cannot restrict commercial speech, EVEN if a legitimate government issue arises.
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False
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T/F, words that incite violence is protected speech.
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False
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T/F, yelling "FIRE!" in a crowded building is not protected speech.
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True
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In 1965, the Supreme Court held that a constitutional _______ was implied by the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Ninth Amendments.
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Right to Privacy
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The authority of a court to hear and decide a specific case is called ______.
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Jurisdiction
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T/F, a court can exercise Personal Jurisdiction over any person or business that resides in a certain geographic area.
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True
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What statute allows a certain court needs to reach over into a jurisdiction that is not it's own to retrieve a person who committed a wrong in that certain court's jurisdiction?
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Long Arm Statute
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Courts of Special or ______ jurisdiction deal with cases of family and personal assets, like adoption, divorce, and wills.
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Limited
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Courts of ______ jurisdiction deal with state trials and everything besides what courts of Limited jurisdiction hear.
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General
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______ Jurisdiction exists when two different courts have the power to hear a case.
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Concurrent
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_______ Jurisdiction exists when a case can be heard only in a particular court or type of court.
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Exclusive
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_____ Jurisdiction - exclusive to the Fed - involves cases pertaining to constitutional or treaty law. These cases usually involve federal crimes, bankruptcy, etc.
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Federal Question
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_____ Jurisdiction - exclusive to the Fed - is when cases arise between citizens of different states and counties. These cases must be worth a cost of $75,000 or more.
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Diversity of Citizenship
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A _____ is the most appropriate geographic location for a trial.
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Venue
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What must the plaintiff sufficiently have in order to bring a lawsuit to court?
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Standing to Sue
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The Florida ____ Court have very limited jurisdiction. They can only hear misdemeanors in criminal cases, and any civil disputes are worth $15,000 or LESS.
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County
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There are 20 ____ courts in Florida. These are the main trial courts. They have general jurisdiction over anything else which the county courts cannot hear. The cases that go through these courts include felonies, civil matters, etc, and are worth OVER $15,000 dollars.
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Circuit
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There is at least one Federal _____ Court in every state, making for a total of 94 courts (3 in Florida). All judges in these courts are nominated by the president, confirmed by the senate, and serve for life if elected. This is the major trial court of the Federal System, and they have general jurisdiction.
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District
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There are 13 U.S courts of ______. Florida is the 11th circuit, located in Atlanta. It contains over 179 Article III Judges, and are generally courts of last resort. Any ruling that they give on a case is FINAL.
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Appeals
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The US _____ Court is the highest court in the nation, with a total of 9 justices. It chooses which cases it wants to hear, and they all must involve substantial federal question to be heard (over 8000 are submitted per year, only a rough 80 are chosen). The RULE OF 4 applies here and any rulings become legal precedent.
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Supreme
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T/F, Florida falls under the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals.
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True
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Trial courts deal with questions of _____.
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Fact
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Appellate courts deal with questions of _____.
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Law
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_______ is a rule of the US Supreme Court under which the court will not issue a writ of certiorari unless at least 4 justices approve of the decision to issue the writ.
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Rule of Four
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_____ are statements made by the plaintiff alleging wrongdoing on the part of the defendant. When filed in court, the complaint initiates a lawsuit.
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Complaints
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_____ are statements by the plaintiff and the defendant that detail facts, charges, and defenses of the case.
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Pleadings
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_____ is the defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaints.
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Answer
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______ is the plaintiff's response to the defendant's Answer.
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Reply
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T/F, If the defendant fails to return his answer in time, the judge can order a default judgement against them and the plaintiff will win the case.
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True
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T/F, to select a Jury, the Judge questions the individuals on the board to make sure they are honest and unbiased.
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True
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_____ is a method by which the opposing parties obtain information from each other to prepare for trial.
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Discovery
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_____ is when the Judge questions the individuals on the Jury to make sure they are honest and unbiased.
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Voir Dire
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______ can occur when an attorney can challenge a juror if the attorney believes they are bias. There are no limits to how many times the attorney can pull this, but it must be confirmed by the judge.
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Challenges for Cause
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T/F, actual bias does not have to be shown for a Challenge for Cause to go through.
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False
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_____ is when an attorney can demand a juror be removed, without a need to explain why. There is a limited number of times an attorney may use this.
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Peremptory Challenge
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______, part of Alternative Dispute Resolution, is when the parties resolve a dispute informally, with or without attorneys.
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Negotiation
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_______, part of Alternative Dispute Resolution, is when a neutral 3rd party acts as a mediator to facilitate resolution, and can propose resolution (but not binding on parties).
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Mediation
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______, part of Alternative Dispute Resolution, is when a 3rd party hears the dispute and imposes legally binding resolution on the parties invoved.
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Arbitration.
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________ is a wrongful act (other than a breach of contract) that results in harm or injury to another person and leads to civil liability.
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Torts
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______ is any word or action intended to make another person fearful of immediate physical harm - a reasonably believable threat.
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Assault
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An unexcused, harmful, or offensive, physical contact with another that is intentionally performed is called a ______.
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Battery
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The intentional confinement or restraint of another person without justification is known as _____.
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False Imprisonment
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What doctrine allows a business to detain suspected shoplifters without being liable for the tort of false imprisonment?
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Shopkeeper's Privilege
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For the tort of Infliction of emotional stress, what must plaintiff prove?
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Outrageous Conduct
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Anything published or publicly spoken that causes injury to another's good name, reputation, or character is known as_____.
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Defamation
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Defamation in writing or another form having quality of performance is known as _____
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Libel
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Defamation in oral form is called _____.
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Slander
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When defamation must be communicated to a person other than the defamed, this is requirement is called the _____.
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Publication Requirement
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The best defense against defamation is _____.
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Truth
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A public figure must prove ______ when filing defamation against a party; this is a statement made knowing it is false or a reckless disregard for the truth.
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Actual Malice
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The use of a person's name, photo, or likeness for commercial purposes without permission is called the tort of ______.
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Appropriation
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Any misrepresentation, either misstatement or by omission of material fact, knowingly made with the intent to deceive another and on which reasonable person would and does rely to his or her detriment is called the Tort of _______.
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Fraudulent Misrepresentation
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A salesperson's often exaggerated claims concerning the quality of property offered for sale. Such claims involve opinions rather than facts and are not legally binding promises or warranties. This is called _____.
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Puffery
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To publish information that casts doubt on another's legal ownership of property, resulting in financial loss to owner of property is called _____.
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Slander of Title
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To publish false information about another's product is called _____.
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Slander of Quality
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A person without permission, enters onto, above, or below the surface of land owned by another or causes anything to enter or remain on land is called ________.
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Trespass to Land
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T/F, actual harm is not required for a Trespass to Land.
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True
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The duty of all persons, as established by tort law, to exercise a reasonable amount of care in their dealings with others. Failure to exercise due care, which is normally determined by the reasonable person's standard, constitutes the tort of negligence. This is known as _______.
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Duty of Care
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In business, a business owner owes a duty of care to his ______
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Business Invitees
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A monetary award equivalent to the actual value of injuries or damage sustained by the aggrieved party is called ______.
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Compensatory Damages
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Monetary damages that may be awarded to a plaintiff to punish the defendant and deter similar conduct in the future.
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Punitive Damages
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An act or omission without which an event would not have occurred is known as ____.
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Causation in Fact
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Legal Cause. It exists when the connection between an act and an injury is strong enough to justify imposing liability. This is known as _____.
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Proximate Cause
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A defense against negligence, where a plaintiff may not recover for injuries or damage suffered from risks he or she knows of and has voluntarily assumed s called _____.
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Assumption of Risk
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A rule in tort law, used in the majority of states, that reduces the plaintiff's recovery in proportion to the plaintiffs degree of fault, rather than barring recovery completely, and is known as _____.
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Comparative Negligence
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_____ is if plaintiff is at all to blame, they cannot recover. Only a minority of states practice this.
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Contributory Negligence
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_____ is when a doctrine under which negligence may be inferred simply because an event occurred, if it is the type of event that would not occur in the absence of negligence. Literally, the term means "the facts speak for themselves."
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Res Ipsa Loquitur
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_______ is an action or failure to obey a statute or ordinance and a person is injured as a result.
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Negligence Per Se
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A _____ is a distinctive mark, motto, device or implement that a manufacturer affixes to the goods it produces so goods may be identified on the market and their origins known.
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Trademark
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A _____ is a government grant giving an inventor exclusive rights to make, use, and sell his invention for a period of time.
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Patent
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T/F, an invention does not have to be novel, useful, or not obvious in light of current technology for it to get a patent.
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False
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A ______ is an intangible property right granted by Federal Statute to an author or originator of literary or artistic productions to publish, print, and sell an intellectual for a statutory period of time.
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Copyright
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How many years does an author get to hold a copyright over his work?
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For life +70 years
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T/F, copyright protection for an original literary or artistic work is automatic.
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True
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The ______ Act of 1946 gave legal, statutory protection to a person's trademark.
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Lanham
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The ______ Act of 1995 gave more protection to trademarks any company that used a trademark that could confuse the consumers of another brand could be liable for lawsuits.
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Federal Trademark Dilution
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Trademarks that contain made up or inventive words (ex: Kodak, Xerox) are called _____.
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Fanciful Trademarks
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Trademarks that contain actual words that have no literal connection the the product are called ______.
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Arbitrary Trademarks
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Trademarks that contain a word hint or suggest something about the product (ex: Dairy Queen) without describing the product directly are called ______.
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Suggestive Trademarks
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Some trademark names and descriptions - which are not distinctive - must first develop a ______ in the public eye before it can be protected by law.
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Secondary Meaning
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_____ refers to the overall image and appearance of product. If it has a distinctive look that is easily recognized by the consumers, than it can be protected by trademark.
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Trade Dress
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How long does an inventor have the exclusive rights over his patented invention?
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14 to 20 years
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When do you obtain copyright protection of your novel, painting or song?
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Automatically upon completion
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What is the effect of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 concerning the theft of trade secrets?
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Federal Crime
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