question

Access

answer

A popular personal and small workgroup DBMS product from Microsoft

question

Byte

answer

A character of data

question

Column

answer

Also called fields, or group of bytes. A database table has multiple columns that are used to represent the attributes of an entity.

question

Database

answer

A self-describing collection of integrated records

question

Database application

answer

a collection of forms, reports, queriers, and application programs that process a database

question

Database application system

answer

applications, having the standard five components, that make database data more accessible and useful. Users employ a database application that consists of forms, formatted reports, queriers, and application programs. Each of these, in turn, calls on the database management system (DBMS) to process the database tables

question

Database management system (DBMS)

answer

A program used to create, process, and administer a database

question

DB2

answer

A popular, enterprise-class DBMS product from IBM

question

Enterprise DBMS

answer

A product that processes large organizational and workgroup databases. These products support many users, perhaps thousands, and many different database applications. Such DBMS products support 24/7 operations and can manage databases that span dozens of different magnetic disks with hundreds of gigabytes or more of data. IBM's DB2, Microsoft's SQL Server, and Oracle's Oracle are examples of enterprise DBMS products.

question

Field

answer

Also called columns, groups of bytes in a database table. A database table has multiple columns that are used to represent the attributes of an entity.

question

File

answer

A group of similar rows or records. In a database, sometimes called tables

question

Foreign key

answer

A column or group of columns used to represent relationships. Values of the foreign key match values of the primary key in a different table.

question

Form

answer

Data entry forms are used to read, insert, modify and delete database data

question

Key

answer

A column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table

question

Lost-update problem

answer

An issue in multiuser database processing in which two or more users try to make changes to the data but the database cannot make the changes because it was not designed to process changes from multiple users

question

Metadata

answer

Data that describes data

question

Multiuser processing

answer

When multiple users process the database at the same item

question

MySQL

answer

A popular open-source DBMS product that is license-free for most applications

question

Object-relational database

answer

A type of database that stores both OOP objects and relational data. Rarely used in commercial applications.

question

Oracle

answer

A popular, enterprise-class DBMS product from Oracle Corporation

question

Personal DBMS

answer

DBMS products designed for smaller, simpler database applications. Such products are used for personal or small workgroup applications that involve fewer than 100 users, and normally fewer than 15. Today, Microsoft Access is the only prominent personal DBMS.

question

Query

answer

A request for data from a database

question

Record

answer

Also called rows, groups of columns in a database table

question

Relation

answer

The more formal name for a database table

question

Relational database

answer

Database that carries its data in the form of tables and that represents relationships using foreign keys

question

Report

answer

A presentation of data in a structured, meaningful context

question

Row

answer

In the relational model, a collection of columns or attribute values that refers to a single entity instance. Also called record or tuple. Just think of a row of table and you'll be fine!

question

SQL Server

answer

A popular enterprise-class DBMS product from Microsoft

question

Structured Query Language (SQL)

answer

An international standard language for processing database data

question

Table

answer

Also called a file, a group of similar rows or records in a database

question

AdSense

answer

A Web 2.0 product from Google. Google searches an organization's Web site and inserts ads that match content on that site; when users click those ads, Google pays the organization a fee

question

AdWords

answer

A Web 2.0 advertising products from Google. Vendors agree to pay a certain amount to Google for use of particular search words, which link to the vendor's site

question

Auctions

answer

Applications that match buyers and sellers by using an e-commerce version of a standard, competitive-bidding auction process

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Business-to-business e-commerce

answer

E-commerce sales between companies

question

Business-to-consumer e-commerce

answer

E-commerce sales between a supplier and a retail customer

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Business-to-government e-commerce

answer

E-commerce sale between companies and governmental organizations

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Capital

answer

The investment of resources with the expectation of future returns in the marketplace

question

Channel conflict

answer

In e-commerce, a conflict that may result between a manufacturer that wants to sell products directly to consumers and the retailers in the existing sales channels

question

Clearinghouses

answer

Entity that provides goods and services at a stated price, prices and arranges for the delivery of the goods, but never takes title to the goods

question

Crowdsourcing

answer

The process by which organizations use Web 2.0 technologies such as user-generated content to involve their users in the design and marketing of their products

question

Disintermediation

answer

Elimination of one or more middle layers in the supply chain

question

E-commerce

answer

The buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks

question

Electronic exchange

answer

Sites that facilitate the matching of buyers and sellers; the business progress is similar to that of a stock exchange. Sellers offer goods at a given price through the electronic exchange, and buyers make offers to purchase over the same exchange. Price matches result in transactions from which the exchange takes a commission

question

Enterprise 2.0

answer

The application of Web 2.0 technologies, collaboration systems, unintelligible text for secure storage or communication.

question

Folksonomy

answer

Content structure that has emerged from the processing of many user tags

question

Human Capital

answer

The investment in human knowledge and skills with the expectation of future returns in the marketplace

question

Interorganizational IS

answer

Information systems used between or among organizations that are independently owned and managed

question

Mashup

answer

The combination of output from two or more Web sites into a single user experience

question

Merchant companies

answer

In e-commerce, companies that take title to the goods they sell. They buy goods and resell them

question

My Maps

answer

A Web 2.0 product that provides took with which users can make custom modifications to maps provided by Google; My Maps is an example of a mashup

question

Nonmerchant companies

answer

E-commerce companies that arrange for the purchase and sale of goods without ever owning or taking title to those goods

question

Price conflict

answer

In e-commerce, a conflict that may result when manufacturers offer products at prices lower than those available through existing sales channels

question

Price elasticity

answer

A measure of the sensitivity in demand to changes in price. It is the ratio of the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price.

question

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

answer

Processing philosophy that advocates that computing systems use a standard method to declare the services they provide and the interface by which those services can be requested and used. Web services are an implementation of SOA

question

SLATES

answer

An acronym for Enterprise 2.0 that refers to search, links, authoring, tags, extensions, and signals

question

Social capital

answer

The investment in social relations with expectation of future returns in the marketplace

question

Social CRM

answer

CRM that includes social networking elements and gives the customers much more power and control in the customer-vendor relationship

question

Social network

answer

Connections of people with similar interests. Today, social networks typically are supported by Web 2.0 technology

question

Social networking

answer

Any activity that an entity like an individual, project or organization takes with the entities to which it is related

question

Software as a service (SAAS)

answer

Business model whereby companies (such as Google, Amazon and eBay) provide services based on their software, rather than providing software as a product (by means of software-usage licenses). Software as a service is an example of Web 2.0

question

User-generated content (UGC)

answer

In Web 2.0, data and information that is provided by users. Examples are product ratings, product problem solutions, product designs, and marketing data

question

Value of social capital

answer

Value of a social network, which is determined by the number of relationships in a social network, by the strength of those relationships, and by the resources controlled by those related

question

Viral marketing

answer

A marketing method used in the Web 2.0 world in which users spread news about products and services to one another

question

Web 2.0

answer

Generally, a loose cloud of capabilities, technologies, business models, and philosophies that characterize the new and emerging business uses of the Internet

question

Web storefront

answer

In e-commerce, a web-based application that enables customers to enter and mange their order

question

Business Intelligence

answer

Information that results from the processing of operational data to create information that exposes patterns, relationships, and trends of importance to the organization

question

Business Intelligence system

answer

A system the provides the right information, to the right use, at the right time. A tool produces the information, but the system ensures that the right information is delivered to the right user at the right time

question

Clickstream data

answer

E-commerce data that describes a customer's clicking behavior. Such data includes everything the customer does at the Web site

question

Cluster analysis

answer

An unsupervised data mining technique whereby statistical techniques are used to identify groups of entities that have similar characteristics. A common use for cluster analysis is to find groups of similar customers in data about customer orders and customer demographics

question

Curse of dimensionality

answer

The more attributes there are, the easier it is to build a data model that fits the sample data but that is worthless as a predictor

question

Data aggregator

answer

A company that obtains data from public and private sources and stores, combines, and processes it in sophisticated ways

question

Data mart

answer

Facilities that prepare, store and manage data for reporting and data mining for specific business functions

question

Data mining

answer

The application of statistical techniques to find patterns and relationships among data and to classify and predict

question

Data mining system

answer

Information system that processes data using sophisticated statistical techniques, such as regression analysis and decision-tree analysis, to find patterns and relationships that cannot be found by simpler operations, such as sorting, grouping, and averaging

question

Data warehouse

answer

Facilities that prepare, store and manage data specifically for reporting and data mining

question

Dirty data

answer

Problematic data.

question

Exabyte

answer

10^18 bytes

question

Expert systems

answer

Knowledge-sharing system that is created by interviewing experts in a given business domain and codifying the rules used by those experts

question

Granularity

answer

The level of detail in data. Customer name and account balance is large granularity data. Customer name, balance, and the other details and payment history of every customer order is smaller granularity

question

Knowledge management system

answer

An information system for storing and retrieving organizational knowledge, whether that knowledge is in the form of data, documents or employee know-how

question

Market-basket analysis

answer

A data mining technique for determining sales patterns. A market-basket analysis shows the products that customers tend to buy together

question

Neural network

answer

A popular supervised data mining technique used to predict values and make classifications, such as "good prospect" or "poor prospect"

question

OLAP

answer

A dynamic type of reporting system that provides the ability to sun, count, average, and perform other simple arithmetic operations on groups of data. Such reports are dynamic because users can change the format of the reports while viewing them

question

Petabyte

answer

10^15 bytes

question

Regression analysis

answer

A type of supervision data mining that estimates the values of parameters in a linear equation. Used to determine the relative influence of variables on an outcome and also to predict future values of that outcome

question

Reporting systems

answer

A system that creates information from disparate data sources and delivers that information to the proper users on a timely basis

question

Supervised data mining

answer

A form of data mining in which data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate values of the parameters of the model

question

Unsupervised data mining

answer

A form of data mining whereby the analyst do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis. Instead, they apply the data mining technique to the data and observe the results. WIth the method, analysts create hypotheses after the analysis to explain the patterns found

question

Attribute

answer

Characteristics of an entity like OrderNumber, OrderDate, Tax

question

Crow's foot

answer

A line on an entity-relationship diagram that indicates a 1:N relationship between two entities

question

Crow's foot diagram

answer

A type of entity-relationship diagram that uses a crow's foot symbol to designate a 1:n relationship

question

Data integrity problem

answer

In a database, the situation that exists when data items disagree with one another. An example is two different names for the same customer

question

Data model

answer

A logical representation of the data in a database that describes the data and relationships that will be stored in the database. Akin to a blueprint

question

Entity

answer

In the E-R data model, a representation of some thing that users want to track. Some entities represent a physical object; others represent a logical construct or transaction

question

Entity-relationship diagram

answer

A type of diagram used by database designers to document entities and their relationships to each other

question

Entity-relationship data model

answer

Popular technique for creating a data model, in which developers define the things that will be stored and the relationships among them

question

Identifier

answer

An attribute whose value is associated with one and only one entity instance

question

Many-to-many relationship

answer

Relationships involving two entity types in which an instance of one type can relate to many instances of the second type, and an instance of the first.

question

Maximum cardinality

answer

The maximum number of entities that can be involved in a relationship. Common examples of maximum cardinality are 1:n, n:m and 1:1

question

Minimum cardinality

answer

The minimum number of entities that must be involved in a relationship

question

Normal form

answer

A classification of tables according to their characteristics and the kinds of problems they have

question

Normalization

answer

The process of converting poorly structured tables into two or more well-structured tables

question

One-to-many relationship

answer

Relationships involving two entity types in which an instance of one type can relate to many instances of the second type, but an instance of the second type can relate to at most one stance of the first.

question

Relationship

answer

An association among entities or entity instances in an E-R model or an association among row of a table in a relational database

question

Unified Modeling Language

answer

A series of diagramming techniques that facilitates OOP development. UML has dozens of different diagrams for all phases of system development. UML does not require or promote any particular development process

question

Client virtualization

answer

The process of storing a user's desktop on a remote server. It enables users to run their desktops from many different client computers

question

Desktop virtualization

answer

The process of storing a user's desktop on a remote server. It enables users to run their desktops from many different client computers

question

Mobil access

answer

The use of networked computer while in motion

question

Nomadic access

answer

Application with which users access network from different locations, but not while in motion from site to site

question

PC mule

answer

Business professionals who carry their devices wherever they go

question

Remote access

answer

Using information systems to provide activity or action at a distance

question

Synch

answer

The process of synchronizing the date on two or more computers. For example, if you work on your computer at home, when you get to work, you have to synchronize your computer at work with any changes you've made on the computer at home

question

Telediagnosis

answer

A remote access system used by health care professionals to provide expertise in rural or remote areas

question

Telelaw enforcement

answer

A remote access system that provides law enforcement capability, such as the RedFlex system that uses cameras and motion sensing equipment to issue tickets for red-light and speeding violations

question

Telesurgery

answer

A remote access system that links surgeons to robotic equipment and patients at a distance

question

Virtual machine

answer

A computer program that presents the appearance of an independent operating system within a second, host operating system. The host can support multiple virtual machines, each of which is assigned assets such as disk space, devices, network connections, over which it has control

question

Wireless hotspot hubs

answer

Devices that wirelessly connect to a WAN using cell phone technology and provide wireless connectivity to computers located in close proximity to the hub

question

As-is model

answer

A business process model that documents the current business process; teams then change that model to make adjustments necessary to solve process problems

question

Enterprise resource planning

answer

Cross-functional enterprise-wide application that integrate the primary value-chain activities with the functions of human resources and accounting

question

ERP system

answer

An information system based on ERP technology

question

Industry-specific solution

answer

An ERP template that is designed to serve the needs of companies or organizations in specific industries. Such solutions save time and decrease risk; their existence has spurred ERP growth

question

Modules

answer

A suite of applications

question

Process blueprints

answer

In an ERP product, a comprehensive set of inherent processes for organizational activities

question

Stored procedure

answer

A computer program stored in the database that is used to enforce business rules

question

Train the trainer

answer

Training sessions in which vendors train the organization's employees, called Super Users, to become in-house trainers in order to improve training quality and reduce training expenses

question

Trigger

answer

A computer program stored within the database that runs to keep the database consistent

question

Accelerator effect

answer

An economic theory that states that a dollar spent will contribute more than a dollar of activity to the economy

question

Bullwhip effect

answer

Phenomenon in which the variability in the supply chain, from customer to supplier

question

Distributed database processing

answer

The processing of a database that resides in whole, or in part, in multiple locations

question

Localizing

answer

The process of making a computer program work in a second language

question

Partitioned database

answer

A database that is divided into non-overlapping segments, and two or more segments are distributed into different geographic locations

question

Replicated database

answer

Databases that contain duplicated records. Processing of such databases is complex if users want to be able to update the same items at the same time without experiencing lost-update problems

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