question

What is the function of naturally occurring restriction enzymes in bacterial cells?

answer

Restriction enzymes recognize and cleave DNA molecules that are foreign to the bacterial cell.

question

Which of the following is mismatched? A. bioinformatics - the study of a genomic and proteomic information using computer analysis B. polymerase chain reaction - process that separates DNA fragments according to size C. genomics - the study of the genomes of humans and other organisms D. proteomics - the study of species' proteins

answer

polymerase chain reaction - process that separates DNA fragments according to size

question

Place the following steps in cloning DNA in the correct order 1 - use vector to deliver new rDNA to bacterial or other cells 2 - use restriction enzymes to cut a plasmid and add the desired gene 3 - isolate and cut out a desired gene using restriction enzymes 4 - use DNA ligase to seal the new gene

answer

3 - isolate and cut out a desired gene using restriction enzymes 2 - use restriction enzymes to cut a plasmid and add the desired gene 4 - use DNA ligase to seal the new gene 1 - use vector to deliver new rDNA to bacterial or other cells

question

The function of a vector in genetic engineering is to

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introduce rDNA into a host cell.

question

The term "ligase" adds the suffix "-ase" to the Latin root word for

answer

bind.

question

Which of the following molecules forms lengths of DNA with "sticky ends"?

answer

restriction enzyme

question

The function of DNA ligase in recombinant technology is to

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seal DNA into an opening created by restriction enzymes.

question

What is complementary DNA (cDNA)?

answer

cDNA is DNA made from a mature mRNA template.

question

What enzyme is used to make cDNA from mRNA?

answer

reverse transcriptase

question

The function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering is to

answer

make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA.

question

All of the following statements are true about restriction enzymes EXCEPT

answer

they are made by bacteria and viruses.

question

What was the minimal requirement for "classic DNA fingerprinting" to associate a blood sample with the criminal, or to estimate the evolutionary similarity of an extinct quagga as closer to a zebra than a horse?

answer

two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis

question

To carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), you must have DNA polymerase and

answer

the nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands.

question

A transgenic organism is

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one that contains a gene from another organism of the same or different species.

question

Plants are being genetically engineered to have

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the ability to produce human proteins.

question

A common method used to introduce rDNA into bacterial host cells is

answer

plasmid transfer.

question

Transgenic _______ have been given suicide genes that cause them to self-destruct when the job for which they are engineered has been accomplished.

answer

bacteria

question

What is the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?

answer

separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges

question

DNA fingerprinting may be used to establish paternity. Analyze the banding pattern pictured at right to determine the father of the child. A. Male 1 B. Male 2

answer

A. Male 1

question

With both bacterial and eukaryotic cells constantly dying and breaking down around us, and with a tremendous load of fragmentary DNA washing around in the fluid world, why aren't genes being transferred among various living organisms at a massive scale daily?

answer

DNA that is not protected inside a protein coat or membrane is very vulnerable. Living cells maintain a very effective barrier to the introduction of large molecules. Since a vector appears necessary to snatch up DNA from one protected source and inject it into a cell, "naked" DNA is apparently vulnerable and unable to cross membranes easily.

question

When bone marrow stem cells are removed from the patient, infected with a virus that carries a normal gene, and returned to the patient, this is an example of

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ex vivo gene therapy.

question

Transgenic plant products include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

suicide genes that cause the plants to self destruct after their product has been produced.

question

All of the following are true regarding transgenic animals EXCEPT

answer

the process has been used to develop organisms that are partially animals and partially plant.

question

Gene pharming is the use of

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transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals.

question

It is estimated that humans have approximately ______ bases in our genome.

answer

3 billion, 3,000,000,000

question

Human gene therapy

answer

Includes the insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a genetic disease. Has been used for treatment of children who have severe combined immunodeficiency. Has been used in a trial to treat familial hypercholesterolemia.

question

Gene therapy in humans has been used to treat

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cystic fibrosis. cancer. inborn errors of metabolism.

question

The introduction of normal genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic use is called

answer

gene therapy.

question

Xenotransplantation is the

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use of animal organs instead of human organs in transplant patients.

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Animal cloning is

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a difficult process with a low success rate.

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CNVs

answer

CNVs occur when genes have changed their number. The changes may result from fork stalling and template switching. CNVs have known links to disease.

question

Transgenic plants must be

answer

approved by the Food and Drug Administration before they are considered safe for human consumption.

question

Biotechnology products produced by bacteria include all of the following EXCEPT A. an antibody to deliver radioisotopes to tumor cells. B. clotting factor VIII. C. human growth hormone. D. insulin.

answer

A. an antibody to deliver radioisotopes to tumor cells.

question

Familial hypercholesterolemia

answer

Is characterized by high blood levels of cholesterol. Is a condition that develops when liver cells lack a receptor protein for removing cholesterol from the blood. May be treated by ex vivo gene therapy.

question

In what field of study would scientists predict a protein's three-dimensional shape and how DNA mutations would affect protein function.

answer

Bioinformatics Proteomics Genomics

question

Gene therapy is being used

answer

in cancer patients to make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy and to make tumors more vulnerable to chemotherapy.

question

Gene cloning can be accomplished by

answer

recombinant DNA technology and polymerase chain reactions.

question

Automated polymerase chain reactions were made possible when

answer

the temperature insensitive DNA polymerase was isolated from the thermophile Thermus aquaticus.

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