Biology unit 5 quiz 2 – Flashcards
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Stem cells are only of one type: embryonic
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False
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Embryonic stem cells are found in various tissues in the body and might be used to maintain and repair the same kind of tissue in which they are found
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False
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A gamete has one-half the number of chromosomes of a regular body cell
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True
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homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes with identical DNA sequence
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False
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Recent research suggests that beneficial mautations accumulate faster when species undergo sexual reproduction rather than asexual reproduction
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True
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During meiosis, chromosome number is reduced through three rounds of cell division
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False
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The separation of genes during crossing over occurs more frequently between genes that are far apart on a chromosome that for gene that are closer together
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True
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during meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs are separated when the centromere split apart
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False
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Meiosis occurs during both sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
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False
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Gregor Mendel's research supports the idea each organism carries a pair of alleles
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True
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Why type of concern is raised by embryonic stem cell research?
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Ethical
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How can apoptosis be defined?
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Cell death
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How can cancer cells be described?
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Driving out of control
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unspecialized human cells are called _______?
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Stem cells
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Why do adult stem cells research less controversial than embryonic stem cell research?
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Consent can be obtained from adult stem cell donors
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If cancer is present, what is the Likely explanation for what happened to the cells depicted in the curved labeled B and D in figure 9-2
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They died off because the cancerous cells deprived them of nutrients
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The cell cycle ins regulated by
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Cyclins
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Cancer cells can reproduce rapidly because they
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Spend less time in interphase
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What is cancer caused by?
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Mutations
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It is often said that normal cells change into cancerous cells frequently in our bodies. Which of the following explanations accounts for the relative rarity of cancer?
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The DNA repairs system fixes the mutation that causes cancer
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If you were studying the topic of cancer, which topic might interest you?
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Cyclin-dependent kinases
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Some cancers have genetic component to them. If a parent has cancer, the children are more likely than the average population to develop the cancer. Why might this be?
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Cancer require more than one mutation to occur
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A stem cell has potential medical uses because it
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Is not specialized is structure and function
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How many chromosomes are found in a human body cell?
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46
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Which describes a gene?
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DNA segment
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Which is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
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Meiosis Results in four haploid cells instead of two diploid cells
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Which is the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell?
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1n
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Which event accurate during meiosis II but not during meiosis I?
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Haploid number of chromosomes line equator
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Which causes genetic recombination?
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Genes
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Which event during meiosis leads to a reduction in chromosome number from 2n to n?
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Homologous chromosomes travel to opposite sides of the cell
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Crossing over would most likely occur during which stage of the cell cycle?
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When homologous chromosomes line up in pairs
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Which is the best description of the events that take place during anaphase II?
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Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to posits sides of the cell
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The typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a typical sex cell?
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23
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During which phase of meiosis do homologous pairs of chromosomes line up next to one another along the equator?
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Metaphase I
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Tobacco smoke is an example of
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Carcinogenic
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Unspecialized human cells are called
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Stem cells
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A failure in the regulation of the cell cycle will result in
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Cancer
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Ultraviolet radiation is an example of
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Carcinogenic
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Once the cell cycle begins, there are built in ____ that can stop it at any time
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Checkpoints
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If cells do not respond to the normal mechanisms that control cell division, _____ results
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Cancer
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During development some cells go through a programmed cell death called
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Apoptosis
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____ are unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells under the right conditions
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Stem cells
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The number of chromosomes in a human body cell equals
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46
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A DNA segment is called a
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Gene
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Genetic vibration can occur during meiosis because of the process of
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Cross over
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Genes on separate chromosomes follow Mendal's law of
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Independent assortment
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According to mendels law of ___, two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis, and during fertilization, the two alleles unite
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Segregation
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Genetic recombination occurs when Chromosomes undergo
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Cross over
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The possible combination of genes in any gamete due to independent assortment equals 2n, where n equals the number of
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Chromosome pairs
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Chromosome number is reduced from 2n to 1n
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Anaphase I
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Two sister chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell
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Telophase I
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Homologous chromosomes become visible, condense, and form pairs
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Prophase
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DNA is replicated
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Interphase
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Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equator
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Metaphase I
