question

Two parents are both heterozygous for attached earlobes, a simple recessive trait. What percentage of their children can be expected to have attached earlobes? 0% 25% 50% 75%

answer

25%

question

Around 1980, scientists proposed a classification system that set up six kingdoms, including Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. What is a key difference between species in these two kingdoms? Archaebacteria can survive in extreme environments that eubacteria cannot tolerate. Eubacteria are relatively large single-celled organisms compared with archaebacteria. Archaebacteria live in colonies, while eubacteria live as separate cells. Eubacteria are eukaryotes, while archaebacteria are prokaryotes.

answer

Archaebacteria can survive in extreme environments that eubacteria cannot tolerate.

question

What is the original source of energy for most organisms living deep in limestone caves? chemical decomposition of limestone rock energy present in water moving through the cave energy captured from sunlight by organisms outside the cave geothermal energy transferred from deep within the Earth

answer

energy captured from sunlight by organisms outside the cave

question

Which statement correctly describes how DNA differs from RNA? DNA has two strands. DNA codes for proteins. DNA forms ribosomal subunits. DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone.

answer

DNA has two strands.

question

A student notices that transferring onion cells from freshwater to a 15 percent saltwater solution causes a change in the shape of the cells which statement best explains this change? The cells expand as water enters them. The cells shrivel as water moves out of them. The cells die because the cell walls break. The cells die because the pores in the cell membrane get blocked.

answer

The cells shrivel as water moves out of them.

question

The diagram shows a ribosome conducting an important cellular process. What process is the ribosome conducting? The ribosomes using genetic information contained in a strained of mRNA to create a specific protein. The ribosome is using a single strand of DNA as a template to create a matching strand of RNA. The ribosome is using DNA as a template to create another DNA strand so that genetic information can be passed to offspring. The ribosome is using the genetic information contained in a protein to create a matching strand of mRNA.

answer

The ribosome is using genetic information contained in a strained of mRNA to create a specific protein.

question

Which process best describes meiosis? one round of DNA replication followed by one round of cell division one round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division two rounds of DNA replication followed by one round of cell division two rounds of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division

answer

one round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division

question

The pedigree chart shows an appearance of trait in several human generations. Which inheritance pattern does the trait follow? autosomal dominant autosomal recessive sex-linked dominant sex-linked recessive

answer

autosomal dominant

question

Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce a foreign protein. This is accomplished through a process that inserts the gene for the protein into the genome of the bacteria. Before the foreign gene can be inserted into the bacteria, what information must be available? the DNA sequence of the gene the mRNA sequence of the gene the tRNA sequence of the gene the protein sequence of the gene

answer

the DNA sequence of the gene

question

Researchers have developed a type of rice that contains genes that produce a certain insecticide. What is an possible of using this type advantage of rice? The rice plants produced more rice because they suffer less damage from insects. The rice plants spread the gene for the insecticide to other plants living in the area. The rice plants are more able to withstand drought than regular rice plants. The rice plants enable predators living in the area to become resistant to the insecticide.

answer

The rice plants produced more rice because they suffer less damage from insects.

question

The diagrams show the development of pig and chicken embryos. Which conclusion is best supported by the information in the diagrams? Major body parts develop in approximately the same order in pig and chicken embryos. Some major body parts develop in a different sequence in pig and chicken embryos. Pig and chicken embryos are very similar until the last stage of their development. There are few similarities in how pig and chicken embryos develop.

answer

Major body parts develop in approximately the same order in pig and chicken embryos.

question

The diagram shows fossil leg bones of horses from Hyracotherium (55 million years ago) to Equus (modern horse). Which evidence from these fossils best supports the theory of evolution? The fossils were all from animals that lived on grassy plains. The fossils show multiple branches of the family tree. The fossils all have toe structures analogous to those of other animals. The fossils show a series of intermediate stages from earliest to latest.

answer

The fossils show a series of intermediate stages from earliest to latest.

question

Dalmatians are a breed of dog with a small gene pool. Many Dalmatians carry a gene that causes them to get kidney stones. Which breeding practice allows the frequency of this gene to remain high in the dalmatian gene pool? removing Dalmatians with the gene from breeding stock crossbreeding Dalmatians with a dog breed that lacks the gene not removing kidney stones from breeding Dalmatians breeding Dalmatians with other Dalmatians

answer

breeding Dalmatians with other Dalmatians

question

The dichotomous key distinguishes between a few types of Louisiana trees. According to the key, which type of tree is shown in the picture? Acer rubrum Fraxinus pennsylvanica Betula nigra Cercis canadensis

answer

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

question

The diagram shows the life cycle of a fern. The life cycle of a fern is fundamentally different from that of a mammal because a fern... produces immature young. has reproductive organs. produces eggs and sperm. has two adult forms.

answer

has two adult forms.

question

Which structure is most similar to the protein shell in a virus? ribosome nucleus cell wall vacuole

answer

cell wall

question

Viral infections cause many changes in host cells. The visible changes to the cell are known as cytopathic effects. Viruses are known to have these cytopathic effects: *change in cell shape *rupture of the cell *fusion of membranes *changes in membrane permeability *changes to apoptosis Some viruses, such as the rhinovirus associated with the common cold, are not very cytopathic. Other viruses, such as poliovirus, are more cytopathic. Some viruses are more cytopathic than others because they... induce more mutations in the DNA of the cell. cause greater disruption of the synthesis of cellular proteins. cause more change to the thickness of the nuclear membrane. release larger complex carbohydrates.

answer

cause greater disruption of the synthesis of cellular proteins.

question

Which process releases water into the atmosphere? absorption transpiration condensation precipitation

answer

transpiration

question

After being gone for many years, wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995. Given the information in the food web, which species likely benefited the most from the return of the wolves? deer grasses gophers Aspens

answer

Aspens

question

In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton provide the energy for most food webs. Which organisms generally fulfill the same role in terrestrial ecosystems? fungi bacteria plants animals

answer

plants

question

Louisiana's state tree is the bald cypress. In the southern coastal areas of Louisiana, there are \"ghost swamps\" full of dead bald cypress trees. In most cases, these are wetlands that have been repeatedly flooded by water from the Gulf of Mexico because the land is subsiding. The seedlings of other trees, such as the Chinese tallow tree, appear to be bald cypress seedlings in these swamps. Which factor limits the natural out-competing reforestation of the bald cypress in the ghost swamps? the availability of oxygen the presence of salt water the shade of older trees the lack of water

answer

the presence of salt water

question

The carbon footprint of a person is the total amount of carbon dioxide a person generates each year through various activities. On average, each person in the United States generates 20.2 tons of CO . Which change would do the most to reduce the average carbon footprint in the 2 most United States? turning computers off rather than leaving them in sleep mode riding a bicycle to the store instead of driving a car burning waste at home instead of having it hauled away eating vegetables and fruits instead of meats

answer

riding a bicycle to the store instead of driving a car

question

Based on these equations and your knowledge of trees, what important effect has the logging of forests had on Earth's atmosphere? an increase in water vapor in the air an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide an increase in atmospheric oxygen an increase in energy available in the air

answer

an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

question

A cell uses an enzyme to copy a strand of DNA. The process requires energy. Which reaction equation shows how the enzyme obtains the energy needed? CO2 + H2O to glucose glucose to CO2 + H2O ADP + phosphate to ATP ATP to ADP + phosphate

answer

ATP to ADP + phosphate

question

The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus ) is a threatened species. Scientists want to determine whether the bear should be put on the state endangered species list. Which level of organization will scientists use as the determining factor in this decision? the population of the bears the ecosystem of the bears the community of the bears the biome of the bears

answer

the population of the bears

question

The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood. What is the relationship between the capillaries and the other parts of the circulatory system? The capillaries distribute the blood from the arteries down to the cellular level. The capillaries enable veins in the lower body to move blood upward. The capillaries produce hormones to regulate the speed of the heart. The capillaries help the arteries to take in oxygen.

answer

The capillaries distribute the blood from the arteries down to the cellular level.

question

Roger decides to go for a swim in cold water. Which change in his body will help Roger maintain homeostasis in terms of body temperature? an increase in respiration rate a decrease in blood flow to his hands and feet an increase in blood flow to his skin a decrease in heart rate

answer

a decrease in blood flow to his hands and feet

question

The desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii ) lives in the arid areas of the American Southwest, including the Mojave Desert. Which desert tortoise behavior is most likely a response to the hot midday sun? returning to their burrows foraging for fleshy plants pulling their limbs into the shell retaining water in their bodies

answer

returning to their burrows

question

Planaria are flatworms that commonly live in streams and ponds. They can detect light and dark. When given a choice, they move away from light and into dark. This behavior most likely benefits planaria by helping them to... avoid excessive exposure to light. avoid predators. find food. identify toxic chemicals.

answer

avoid predators.

question

Which practice would be most valuable for good nutrition as part of a good health maintenance program? eating a wide variety of foods buying food from health food stores eating only locally grown foods taking large daily doses of vitamins

answer

eating a wide variety of foods

question

Ella visits her cousin Michelle, who is infected with HIV. They hug and then share snacks and a meal. Which statement describes Ella's risk of best being infected with HIV from this meeting? Ella's risk is high because viruses can be spread by close contact and saliva. Ella's risk is high because HIV is classified as a retrovirus. Ella's risk is zero because viruses can only be spread through sex. Ella's risk is zero because HIV is only spread through blood exchange or sex.

answer

Ella's risk is zero because HIV is only spread through blood exchange or sex.

question

Which part of the immune system is required for the other parts to complete their functions? bone marrow spleen lymph nodes thymus

answer

bone marrow

question

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chicken pox in children. Long ago, parents would take their uninfected children to the home of someone who had chicken pox; once the children had the disease, they were immune to reinfection. Unfortunately, many older adults develop shingles if they had chicken pox when they were children and the VZV hiding in their nerve cells becomes active again. Which treatment can provide immunity to VZV without causing chicken pox. an herbal analgesic an antihistamine a vaccine an anti-inflammatory

answer

a vaccine

question

Some diseases are communicable and can be transferred directly or indirectly from host to host. Other diseases are . Which noncommunicable disease listed in the table is noncommunicable? shingles impetigo hemophilia ringworm

answer

hemophilia

question

About four grams of iron are found in an adult human, mostly in hemoglobin. Iron deficiency anemia is caused by low levels of iron in the blood. Which technology is used to confirm a diagnosis of iron deficiency? chemical analysis body mass measurements electrocardiography magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

answer

chemical analysis

question

In the 1830s, the theory that all living things were made of cells was proposed by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden. Schwann thought that cells could spontaneously form (like crystals) as well as come from preexisting cells. Why was the spontaneous formation part of the cell theory eliminated? It is impossible to know where cells originally come from. All reported cases of spontaneous formation were disproved. Theories keep changing and growing based on the most recent ideas. Schwann only studied the formation of animal cells.

answer

All reported cases of spontaneous formation were disproved.

question

To learn more about food chains, a student dissected an owl pellet and studied its contents. She used a dissecting needle, a hand lens, and plastic gloves. This type of investigation is based primarily on... measurement. experimentation. classification. modeling.

answer

classification

question

Some students want to test different soils to find out which ones absorb heat the fastest. For the first test, they put 500 grams of sand in a beaker and put a thermometer in the sand. Which aspect of this experiment should be kept the same in all the other tests? the type of soil used the person collecting the soil the final temperature of the soil the amount of soil used

answer

the amount of soil used

question

Solar panels can be used to convert light into electricity, which can be measured using an ammeter. Some students set up a small solar panel. Then they measured the effects of light striking the panel at different angles to model the angle of the Sun in the sky. What do the students need to do to make the investigation more reliable? Vary the distance between the flashlight and the panel. Use natural sunlight instead of a flashlight. Run the experiment several times instead of once. Use a bigger solar panel than the one shown.

answer

Run the experiment several times instead of once.

question

Guppies are common freshwater aquarium fish. Full color in guppies is dominant to lack of color, which causes albino guppies. A student finds a Web site that says a cross between two heterozygous, guppies will produce offspring. The student crosses full-color 75% full-color two heterozygous, guppies. The student expects 40 baby guppies. About how many of the baby guppies should the student expect to full-color have full color? 10 20 30 40

answer

30

question

A physics class is investigating the speed and acceleration of small carts down a ramp. They use a motion detector to make their calculator-based measurements. Which is not an advantage of using a calculator-based motion detector instead of a meter stick and stopwatch to obtain the data? The distances are guaranteed to be more accurate. Many more data points can be collected for each run. Data can be graphed immediately. Data can be put on a computer without data entry errors.

answer

The distances are guaranteed to be more accurate.

question

Because cells are so small, people often have problems visualizing the structure of cells. Which model would be best for three-dimensional best illustrating the three-dimensional structure of cells? high-resolution computer drawing photo made through a microscope computer animation that allows rotation diagram plotted on graph paper

answer

computer animation that allows rotation

question

Golgi bodies were discovered in 1898 when Camillo Golgi used a new stain on cells under a microscope. It was difficult, however, to observe Golgi bodies in all cells in an organism, which led to a controversy about their existence and role in cells until the 1950s. Which technological advancement did the most to resolve this controversy? the discovery of the basic parts of atoms the discovery of the structure of DNA the invention of the electron microscope the invention of the computer

answer

the invention of the electron microscope

question

Hydra, a microscopic Cnidarian, lives attached to aquatic vegetation. A study was done in which researchers counted the number of hydras actively moving in different temperatures of water. Which conclusion is best supported by the graph? Hydras cannot survive below 5°C or above 50°C. There is an optimal temperature range for hydra activity. Hydras get more active as the temperature increases. There is no clear relationship between temperature and hydra activity.

answer

There is an optimal temperature range for hydra activity.

question

One of the first laboratory activities in Physical Science class is... Wear closed-toe shoes and use an insulated glove. Tie back long hair and fasten loose clothing. Have a beaker of water to put out fires and use safety tongs. Use paper towels to catch wax drips and use a gas lighter to ignite candles.

answer

Tie back long hair and fasten loose clothing.

question

Different types of scientific research have different goals. Which goal would not typically be addressed by scientific research? understanding the purpose of human existence understanding the workings of the human body creating new technologies to make human lives easier developing ways to solve environmental problems caused by humans

answer

understanding the purpose of human existence

question

Scientists used to believe that the continents were fixed in their current locations. Then several pieces of evidence convinced scientists that continents slowly move over time. Which evidence was least important for the development of this new theory? the distribution of fossils on different continents the distribution of different types of ecosystems across continents the fact that similar rocks are found on opposite shores of different continents the fact that the shapes of some continents appear to fit together like puzzle pieces

answer

the distribution of different types of ecosystems across continents

question

Volcanic eruptions are preceded by increasing numbers of tremors, sometimes called volcanic swarms. Which technology has been helpful in accurately predicting volcanic eruptions? hygrometer barometer anemometer seismometer

answer

seismometer

question

A researcher was concerned about the damage done to fragile cave formations by visitors. He collected data relating the number of visitors to a cave per year to the number of formations damaged. His data are shown in the graph. The researcher used the graph to argue that more caves should be closed to the public, because the amount of damage to caves increases with the number of visitors. Which statement describes the best validity of his conclusion? His conclusion is valid because most of the data conform to the trend he described. His conclusion is invalid because he ignores the implications of some key data points. His conclusion is valid because a line of best fit could be drawn through the data. His conclusion is invalid because the data are scattered and do not make a perfectly straight line

answer

His conclusion is invalid because he ignores the implications of some key data points.

question

Roger was interested in how well insulated drink containers keep beverages cold. He put cold water in three different types of insulated drink containers and set the containers on the kitchen counter on a warm day. Roger measured the temperature of the water in each container when he first set them out and again after several hours. He concluded that all of the containers were good at keeping drinks cold. Which change in experimental design would most improve the reliability of Roger's conclusion? using ten types of insulated containers instead of three including an uninsulated container of water as a comparison repeating the experiment using hot water instead of cold water repeating the experiment on a cold day instead of a warm day

answer

including an uninsulated container of water as a comparison

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