Biology End Of Course Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Science
answer
A process of inquiry that searches for relations that explain and predict the physical, living, and designed world.
question
Observation
answer
A first handed encounter that leads a scientist to their proposed explanation (2 parts: qualitative, and quantitative.)
question
Hypothesis
answer
More than an educated guess; testable predictions based on scientist observations (if, then statements.).
question
Experimentation
answer
A controlled study, designed to prove a cause and effect of the relationship.
question
Mathematics
answer
Data Analysis.
question
Data
answer
Info gathered from observations and experimentation.
question
Quantitative Data
answer
Number Data.
question
Qualitative Data
answer
Descriptive Data.
question
Inference
answer
A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience.
question
Fact
answer
A truth known by actual experience or observation.
question
Principle
answer
An accepted idea as truth.
question
Observation
answer
Process of gathering data.
question
Theory
answer
An idea that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation.
question
Law
answer
A descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions.
question
Organism
answer
A living being.
question
Biology
answer
The study of living organisms.
question
Unicellular Organism
answer
Single cell organism.
question
Multicellular Organism
answer
An organism made of more than one cell.
question
Growth
answer
Increase in size.
question
Development
answer
The progressive changes in size and function.
question
Macromolecules
answer
Compounds that contain carbon: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids.
question
Monosaccharide
answer
A small unit, the building blocks of polymers.
question
Disaccharide
answer
Two groups of elements, only two monomers.
question
Polysaccharide
answer
Many monomers together, more that two.
question
Carbohydrates
answer
Made with Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, it is usually the bread and wheat products we eat used for short-term energy.
question
Lipids
answer
Made with Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, it is the fats and oils we consume.
question
Proteins
answer
Made with Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen, it is the element we get from consuming meats and peanuts.
question
Nucleic Acid
answer
Made with Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. It is our DNA and RNA.
question
Amino Acids
answer
Building blocks of protein.
question
Water
answer
A molecule made with two parts hydrogen one part oxygen.
question
Cohesion
answer
Attraction between particles of the same substance.
question
Adhesion
answer
Attraction between two different substances.
question
Specific Heat
answer
The amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius.
question
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
answer
Molecule made with two strands connected with nitrogen bases that code for a genetic phenotype.
question
Nucleotides
answer
The building blocks of DNA which include a 5 carbon pentose sugar group, a phosphate group, and nitrogen bases.
question
Enzyme
answer
Protein that speeds up reaction naturally.
question
A, T, C, G, U
answer
Base pairs of DNA and RNA.
question
Mitosis
answer
Process where a cell splits into identical daughter cells, its the cell division of somatic cells.
question
Replication
answer
Making a copy of DNA.
question
Transcription
answer
DNA becomes RNA in the nucleus of a cell.
question
Translation
answer
RNA becomes proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.
question
Karyotype
answer
An organized picture of the chromosomes of a human arranged in pairs by size from largest to smallest.
question
Autosomes
answer
Chromosomes that are not involved in determining gender.
question
Diploid
answer
Normal amount of genetic material (2N).
question
Haploid
answer
1/2 the genetic material (N).
question
Meiosis
answer
Cell division of sex cells (non-somatic). Creates 4 unidentical daughter cells.
question
Gametes
answer
Sex cells, haploid. Join together to make a zygote.
question
Zygote
answer
Offspring of two, haploid, gamete cells. Becomes Diploid.
question
Oogenesis
answer
Produced in female ovaries, makes gametes (eggs).
question
Spermatogenesis
answer
Produced in males, makes gametes (sperm).
question
Homologous Pairs
answer
A pair (2) of the same chromosome.
question
Crossover
answer
When genes exchange between chromosomes.
question
Cancer
answer
Uncontrolled Mitosis.
question
Genetics
answer
The study of heredity.
question
Heredity
answer
The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.
question
Traits
answer
Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited.
question
Gene
answer
A piece of DNA that provides set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein.
question
Allele
answer
A part of a chromosome that are different versions of the same gene.
question
Hybrids
answer
Offspring of true-breeding plants.
question
Genotype
answer
Genetic makeup for a specific trait.
question
Phenotype
answer
Physical characteristics, traits that are shown.
question
Homozygous
answer
2 alleles that are the same.
question
Heterozygous
answer
2 alleles that are different.
question
Dominant Gene
answer
Stronger than recessive, shown in phenotype.
question
Recessive Gene
answer
Weaker than dominant, is not shown in the phenotype but in genotype.
question
Incomplete Dominance
answer
When the heterozygous phenotype is blended, where the genes are completely different.
question
Codominance
answer
When the heterozygous phenotype expresses both traits completely and separately.
question
Pedigree
answer
A graphic representation of genetic inheritance.
question
Prokaryotes
answer
Single celled organisms. Example: bacteria.
question
Eukaryotes
answer
Multi cellular organisms. Example: animals.
question
Organelles
answer
Membrane-bound Structures found only in eukaryotic cells.
