Biology Chapter 4 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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ATP
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A molecule that transfer energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes
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ADP
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A lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group
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Chemosynthesis
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A process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules
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Photosynthesis
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A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
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Chlorophyll
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A molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light
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Thylakoid
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Stacks of coin-shaped, membrane enclosed compartments
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Light-Dependent Reactions
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Capture energy from sunlight. These reactions take place withing and across the membrane of the thylakoids
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Light-Independent Reactions
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Use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars. These reactions occur in the stroma of chloroplasts
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Photosystem
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Series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer in the thylakoid membrane
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Electron Transport Chain
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Series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid
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ATP Synthase
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Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP
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Calvin Cycle
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Process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2
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Cellular Respiration
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Process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon based molecules when oxygen is present
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Aerobic
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Process that requires oxygen to occur
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Glycolysis
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Anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two ATP are produced.
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Anaerobic
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Process that does not require oxygen to occur
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Krebs Cycle
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process during cellular respiration breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain
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Fermentation
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Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by Glycolysis
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Lactic Acid
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product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells.
