Biology CHAPTER 4 – Flashcards
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Which reason best explains why dead specimens must be used with transmission electron microscopes?
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Specimens are placed in a vacuum.
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What was Rudolph Virchow's contribution to the cell theory?
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He concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells.
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A magnifying glass is an example of which type of microscope?
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simple microscope
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According to the cell theory, which structure contains cells?
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blood
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The first strands of DNA were observed through which microscope?
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electron microscope
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A new multicellular organism has been discovered, and scientists want to study the organism's cell structures, including organelles. Which microscope should they use?
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transmission electron microscope
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Which was the first cell viewed by the light microscope?
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oak bark
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What is the maximum magnification of a compound light microscope?
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2,500x
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Through which microscope were cells first observed?
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simple microscope
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In the 1600s, which scientist discovered microbes in pond water by using a microscope?
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Which was Ventor's contribution to science?
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invented a synthetic cell
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Who first recognized the cell as the universal unit of life?
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Schleiden and Schwann
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Which microscope did Robert Hooke use to study tree bark?
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compound light microscope
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Which is a component of the modern cell theory that was not part of the original cell theory?
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All cells are similar in composition and metabolic activities.
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Which organisms are prokaryotes?
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archaea
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A chemical has been found to harm the same components in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which components are those?
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DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
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In which specimen were cells first identified?
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cork bark
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A diseased cell is no longer able to produce proteins. Which cell structure is most likely malfunctioning?
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ribosome
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Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?
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Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations.
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The endosymbiotic theory helps to explain the origin of which structures?
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mitochondria
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Which cell structure serves the stated function in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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cytoplasm: protects cell structures
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The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation?
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study of cork bark
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Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium?
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a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food
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A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell?
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The cell would lack genetic information.
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Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory?
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DNA in mitochondria
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What is shown in the image? mc010-1.jpg
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eukaryote
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What is shown in the image? mc009-1.jpg
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prokaryote
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A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?
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The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts.
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A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?
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The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria.
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Which statement is most likely to apply to a cell that has DNA within its cytoplasm?
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It performs all functions for the organism.
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The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?
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Chloroplasts have their own DNA.
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Animal and Plant Cells
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Animal and Plant Cells
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Which is a structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction?
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nucleus
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Consider the plant cells in the image below. mc019-1.jpg Which is a function of the cell structure that is labeled X?
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provides support
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Consider this animal cell. mc007-1.jpg Which organelles are labeled D?
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centrioles
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Consider the cell structure that is shown below. mc015-1.jpg Which is a function of the structure that is represented in the image?
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controls the movement of substances into and out of cells
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Which organelle is most likely to be missing from the cells of a leaf?
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lysosome
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Which statement about the cell wall is true?
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It prevents a plant cell from bursting.
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Consider this animal cell. mc006-1.jpg Which organelle is responsible for producing the energy for cellular processes?
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organelle G
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Which organelle can be compared to a security guard who decides whom may enter a building and whom may not?
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cell membrane
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Which statement about cell membranes is true?
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The cell membrane is enclosed by the cell wall in a plant cell.
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Which is an extensive network of tubes, sacs, and vesicles throughout the cell that provides transport as its main function?
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endoplasmic reticulum
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Which organelle is used as temporary storage for water, waste products, food, and other cellular material?
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vacuole
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What is unique about the cell wall compared to the cell membrane?
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The cell wall has cellulose.
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Which is a tough and flexible layer that surrounds plant cells, as well as some algal and bacterial cells?
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cell wall
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Which is a characteristic of the cell membrane?
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has a phospholipid bilayer
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A student constructs a Venn diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cells. Venn Diagram of Plant and Animal Cells mc024-1.jpg Which organelle should be listed under Plant Only in the diagram?
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chloroplast
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Which is a major difference between the cell membrane and the cell wall?
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Cell membranes are found in animal and plant cells; cell walls are found only in plant cells.
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An animal cell (left) and a plant cell (right) are shown. mc010-1.jpg Which two cell parts are most likely found in both types of cell?
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lysosome and vacuole
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If the endoplasmic reticulum were removed from the cell, which organelle would not be able to function properly to receive, package, and distribute proteins?
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Golgi apparatus
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The nucleolus✔ of the cell directs cell activity and acts like the control center.
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The nucleolus✔ of the cell directs cell activity and acts like the control center.
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Consider this animal cell. mc005-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled A?
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Golgi apparatus
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What would most likely happen to a plant cell if its chloroplasts were removed?
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The cell would die because it could not make food.
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How does the cell wall protect a plant cell?
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The cell wall is thick and fibrous and provides a barrier between the cell and its external environment.
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Which organelles are found only in plant cells?
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cell wall, chloroplasts
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Consider this plant cell. mc006-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled A?
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vacuole
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The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Functions of Organelles Organelle Function Nucleus Directs cell activity Endoplasmic reticulum Breaks down sugar molecules to supply energy Golgi apparatus Supports and protects organelles in the cell Lysosome Produces proteins for the cell Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function
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nucleus
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Herbicides are being used to kill weeds in a nearby field. The plants absorb the herbicides from the soil. Which organelle in the plant will most likely store the absorbed herbicide waste?
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vacuole
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Consider this animal cell. mc001-1.jpg Which organelles are labeled D?
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centrioles
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Consider this animal cell. mc016-1.jpg What is the function of the organelles that are labeled F?
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to move proteins and other substances through the cell
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What function do chloroplasts perform?
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They use light energy to make food for the plant.
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Consider this animal cell. mc008-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled I?
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nucleus
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Consider this animal cell. mc004-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled H?
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cell membrane
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The table lists some organelles and functions. Only one pair is correctly matched. Functions of Organelles Organelle Function Lysosome Stores water and waste materials Vacuole Breaks down sugars Mitochondrion Breaks down waste materials and debris Ribosome Produces proteins for the cell Which organelle in the table is correctly matched with its function?
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ribosome
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Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste material and debris in the cell?
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lysosome
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Consider this plant cell. mc002-1.jpg Which organelle is labeled E?
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Golgi apparatus
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Cell Homeostasis
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Cell Homeostasis
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Which homeostatic process moves particles against a concentration gradient?
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active transport
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Which homeostatic process requires energy to move particles across the plasma membrane?
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active transport
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Which term refers to a solution with more molecules outside the cell than inside the cell?
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hypertonic
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The role of the cell membrane is most like the job of which person?
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a police officer who allows select people to enter and leave a crime scene
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What would most likely happen to a unicellular organism if it was exposed to a hypotonic solution for an extended period of time?
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It would swell and then burst.
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Which homeostatic process is characterized by the diffusion of water molecules?
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osmosis
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Which best defines homeostasis?
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maintaining a stable internal environment
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Reptiles and birds excrete waste as an insoluble white solid that is called uric acid. How does this help them to maintain internal homeostasis in hot climates?
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by retaining water
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Which motion of particles across a membrane requires energy?
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from low concentration to high concentration
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Which movement of particles would be most affected by a disorder that causes damage to carrier proteins?
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active transport
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A patient is in need of hydration. Which type of solution are the patient's cells most likely in?
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hypertonic
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Which adaptation is used by polar bears to maintain internal homeostasis in cold temperatures?
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blubber
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Water makes up a large percentage of the body's cells. For a cell to remain in homeostasis, there must be a mechanism to control water changes in the cells. The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is
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osmosis
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The data in the graph are the result of a paramecium being placed in a hypertonic salt solution. mc025-1.jpg What change would most improve the usefulness of the graph?
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Replace the concentration descriptions with actual values.
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How would the contractile vacuole of a freshwater amoeba respond if the organism was placed in seawater?
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with fewer contractions
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For diffusion to occur, which condition must be met?
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A concentration gradient must exist.
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Which homeostatic process requires energy to move particles across the plasma membrane?
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active transport
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The data in the graph are the result of a paramecium being placed in a hypertonic salt solution. mc026-1.jpg Based on the data in the graph, which would most likely happen if the paramecium were placed in distilled water?
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The contractions would increase.
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Which solution would most likely cause a plant placed in it to become firmer and more rigid?
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hypotonic
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Which reason best explains why the cell membrane helps the cell maintain homeostasis?
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The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
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Chlorophyll is found in plant leaves and absorbs light from the sun to enable plants to perform photosynthesis. Magnesium is an important component of chlorophyll. The concentration of magnesium ions is higher in the root-hair cells of plants than in the soil. Which mechanism of ion uptake would best enable a plant to produce a steady supply of chlorophyll?
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active transport
