question

Which of the following can help prevent cardiovascular disease?

answer

Avoiding tobacco

question

The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute. A lower heart rate of 60 might indicate that

answer

the individual is very fit.

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding atherosclerosis?

answer

It is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque.

question

All of the following occur as part of congestive heart failure EXCEPT

answer

blood cannot accumulate in the legs, ankles, or lungs.

question

Which of the following represents the most serious type of heart arrhythmia?

answer

Fibrillation

question

The leading causes of death in the United States each year are coronary heart disease, cancer, lower respiratory diseases, and

answer

stroke

question

Which of the following foods would be the best choice as part of a heart-healthy diet?

answer

olive oil

question

The BEST way to try to achieve the ideal HDL to LDL ratio before medications are prescribed is to

answer

reduce the amount of saturated fat in your diet and engage in regular exercise.

question

Obesity puts a strain on the heart because

answer

the heart works harder to move blood through the extra pounds of fat.

question

Aspirin is sometimes recommended for treating cardiovascular disease because

answer

it reduces the risk of clot formation.

question

A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her lymph nodes. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is

answer

metastasis.

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to the genetic risk of cancer?

answer

Oncogenes are suspected cancer-causing genes.

question

A construction company used asbestos on many job sites over the years. Asbestos is a(n)

answer

environmental carcinogen.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about radiation and cancer?

answer

Ionizing radiation is the only form of radiation proven to cause cancer.

question

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to tumors?

answer

A malignant tumor can invade surrounding tissue, produce mutant cells, and metastasize.

question

All of the following are well-documented risk factors for breast cancer EXCEPT

answer

consuming 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks per week.

question

Prostate cancer risk

answer

increases dramatically with age.

question

Jeremy was told that his cancer could not be treated with radiotherapy and must be treated with chemotherapy. This is probably because the cancer is

answer

no longer localized.

question

Tiny thin-walled vessels that are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are

answer

capillaries

question

Testicular cancer is

answer

one of the most curable forms of cancer.

question

All of the following are warning signs of melanoma EXCEPT

answer

a uniform brown color.

question

Sexually transmitted diseases have the greatest impact on increasing the incidence of which type of cancer?

answer

Cervical

question

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out are the

answer

ventricles

question

A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing?

answer

Angina pectoris

question

A man asks his office-mate to call 911 because he is experiencing tightness in his chest, pain in his left arm and shoulder, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Which condition is he likely experiencing?

answer

Heart attack

question

Microscopic organisms that are disease-causing agents are called

answer

pathogens

question

Which of the following is required for an infectious disease to occur?

answer

the host must be susceptible an agent must transmit a disease. the environment must promote it.

question

All of the following behaviors will compromise your immune system's ability to fight infections EXCEPT

answer

exercising regularly.

question

Any substance that triggers an immune response is a(n)

answer

antigen

question

Every time you eat something that contains yellow dye, you wheeze and get a rash. The dye must be an

answer

antigen

question

When invaded by antigens, the body forms substances called

answer

antibodies

question

While in the hospital, Daniel's grandmother developed an inflammatory condition that involved a build-up of fluid in her lungs. His grandmother was suffering from

answer

Pneumonia

question

Two weeks ago your nephew came down with the chickenpox while visiting. Now you have itchy, crusted spots on your arms and you feel terrible. You probably were infected with the chickenpox virus when your nephew was there but did not get sick until now because of the

answer

incubation period.

question

The common cold is always present in the population, meaning that it is

answer

endemic

question

Hepatitis B infection can lead to

answer

liver cancer.

question

All of the following are recommended for avoiding, contracting or spreading H1N1 EXCEPT

answer

going to work while sick as long as you take medication.

question

After a relaxing week of backpacking and camping in the woods, during which you enjoyed drinking cool water from a creek, you have returned to school. Since you got back, you are experiencing abdominal cramps that won't go away. This condition is probably not the result of schoolwork overload, but rather something you picked up during your camping trip. You likely have

answer

giardiasis

question

Garrett became very ill with an E.coli infection while living on his grandfather's dairy farm last summer. He could have been infected in all of the following ways EXCEPT

answer

a mosquito bite.

question

Sierra, now 31, has been trying to get pregnant since she got married 4 years ago. Her doctor suspects that their infertility problem was likely caused by her history of PID from the most commonly reported STI. During her early 20s, Sierra had contracted

answer

chlamydia

question

Bethany is 42 and has cervical cancer. It is probably related to an infection she had during her college years, which was

answer

human papillomavirus (HPV).

question

Babies born to mothers with genital herpes should

answer

be delivered by cesarean section.

question

Which of the following is caused by an increased production of a yeast-like fungus normally present in the vagina?

answer

Candidiasis

question

Vincent has suffered recurrent cold sores since childhood. When finals were over, Vincent and his girlfriend celebrated by going to their favorite romantic spot. Since Vincent takes famciclovir (FAMVIR), there is

answer

still some chance that he could transmit the herpes virus to his girlfriend.

question

HIV can potentially be transmitted through all of the following EXCEPT

answer

sharing food utensils with an infected person.

question

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine?

answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

question

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to exposure to antigens encountered in the course of daily life?

answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

question

Which immune system malfunction occurs when the body develops antibodies that attack its own tissues?

answer

Autoimmunity

question

Which bacterial infection affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and for which college students living in dormitories are at a higher risk than other populations?

answer

Meningitis

question

The virus responsible for causing genital warts and cervical cancer is

answer

HPV

question

A key reason for the resurgence of measles and mumps infections is

answer

a public backlash against vaccinations.

question

Katie is a researcher who studies factors that influence aging and how individuals cope with the aging process. Katie works in the field of

answer

gerontology

question

Cathy, age 45, has developed a few wrinkles on her forehead and "crow's feet" around her eyes. This is primarily due to

answer

the effects of facial expressions over time.

question

Osteoporosis would most likely result in

answer

a wrist fracture as the result of a fall.

question

All of the following individuals would be at an increased risk for osteoporosis EXCEPT a(n)

answer

obese man.

question

Which of the following statements is accurate about urinary incontinence?

answer

Incontinence can lead to other problems such as tissue irritation and infections.

question

All of the following changes occur to the heart and lungs as a result of aging EXCEPT

answer

stroke volume increases.

question

Your grandfather is having blurred vision in his right eye due to clouding of the lens associated with aging. To improve his vision, he would need which type of surgery?

answer

Cataract

question

Lawrence is frustrated because his vision is no longer sharp enough to do crossword puzzles. He probably has

answer

macular degeneration.

question

Julia is 74 years old. Over the last several years, she has begun salting her food more than she used to. The reason for this is that

answer

she has lost taste buds and the ones she has left have atrophied.

question

Among elderly persons, disorientation caused by drug interactions may at first be confused with which more serious condition?

answer

Dementia

question

Which of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease is NOT true?

answer

If caught early, its progression can be stopped.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about the elderly and alcohol abuse?

answer

Most older adults who consume alcohol are social drinkers.

question

Which of the following are strategies contribute to healthy aging?

answer

appreciating the spiritual side of life. being physically active eating well.

question

Phillip was involved in a car crash and placed on a respirator. After his family had the respirator removed, he was nonresponsive, with no reflexes and a flat EEG. These vital signs indicate Phillip has experienced

answer

brain death.

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the psychological stages of dying according to the Kübler-Ross model?

answer

Resistance

question

The loss or deprivation experienced by a person when a loved one dies is known as

answer

bereavement

question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding funeral rituals?

answer

are found in all cultures.

question

Care that focuses on relieving the pain and symptoms of a serious illness to improve quality of life for patients and families is

answer

palliative care.

question

Withholding life-prolonging treatments and allowing a terminally ill patient to die naturally is

answer

passive euthanasia.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about hospice care?

answer

It provides care for a terminally ill patient and his or her family.

question

Henry was killed in an automobile accident. After his death, his family discovered that he had no will. Henry

answer

was intestate.

question

The study of death and dying is

answer

thanatology

question

The permanent cessation of all of the body's vital functions is the definition of

answer

death

question

A document that stipulates a person's wishes about medical care that is used to make treatment decisions when the individual becomes unable to communicate his or her preferences is a(n)

answer

advance directive.

question

Which stage of the Kübler-Ross model is a person in who has an overriding sense of doom and worthlessness?

answer

Depression

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