Biochemistry: Water Properties – Flashcards
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three physical states (phases)
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liquid, solid, and gas
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freezing & melting point of water
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32° Fahrenheit, 0° Celsius
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boiling point of water
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212°Fahrenheit, 100° Celsius
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polar
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molecule where electrons ARE held more by one atom than another. Electrons are not shared equally (not balanced). Water and sugar are examples.
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nonpolar
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molecule where electrons ARE NOT held more/less strongly by different atoms. Electrons are shared EQUALLY (balanced). Sulfur and oil are examples
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solvent
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chemical that can dissolve another chemical into itself
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universal solvent
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many chemicals, both ionic and polar, can dissolve in water
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cohesion
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water molecules "stick" together
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adhesion
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water also "sticks" to other substances
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surface tension
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force of the water layer- you can lay a pin on the water's surface
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capillary action
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able to move up through a tube against gravity
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density
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ratio of mass/volume; how close together or spread apart atoms or molecules are. Liquid water is more dense than solid water (ice) and gas water (vapor)
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buoyancy
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upward force of an object in a fluid (floating/sinking). ice floats on water
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specific heat (insulation)
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Energy needed to heat things. Water holds heat very well. it takes a long time to heat up (use energy) and a long time to cool down (release energy)
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temperature (thermal) homeostasis
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able to control temperature with water- keeps you cool when you are heating up (sweating), keeps the temperature in your cells balanced
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Earth- water composition
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70%, but 97% of water is salt water
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human body- water composition
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60-70%
