question

when the amino and carboxyl group are on the same carbon

answer

alpha amino acid

question

only amino acid that is not chiral

answer

Glycine

question

all chiral amino acids in eukaryotes, amino group on left side of the fisher projection, S configuration

answer

L-amino acids

question

L- amino acid, R configuration

answer

Cysteine Configuration

question

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Proline

answer

Nonpolar nonaromatic amino acids

question

1 of 2 with sulfur atom on side chain, nonpolar/nonaromatic

answer

Methionine

question

forms a cyclic amino acid, contrains on flexibility, non polar

answer

Proline

question

alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline

answer

Amino acids with alkyl side chains

question

Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine

answer

Aromatic Amino Acids

question

largest aromatic amino acid side chain

answer

Tryptophan

question

smallest aromatic amino acid side chain, non polar

answer

Phenylalanine

question

relatively polar, aromatic amino acid

answer

Tyrosine

question

Serine, threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Cysteine

answer

Polar amino acids

question

OH makes them highly polar and able to participate in H-bonding

answer

Serine and Threonine

question

amide N's do NOT gain or lose protons with change in pH

answer

Asparagine and Glutamine

question

thiol group, S is larger than O making the S-H bond weaker than OH Thiol group more prone to oxidation

answer

Cysteine

question

basic, arginine, lysine, histidine

answer

Positively Charged Amino Acids

question

positive charge delocalized over 3 nitrogens

answer

Arginine

question

imidazole, at pH 1 atom is protenated at highly acidic pH, 2nd N becomes protenated-->R positive charge

answer

Histidine

question

amino acids with long alkyl chains -alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine -found at interior of protein

answer

Hydrophobic Amino Acids

question

glutamate, aspartate, histidine, lysine, arginine, glutamine, asparagine

answer

Hydrophilic Amino Acids

question

Aspartic Acid-aspartate, Glutamic Acid-Glutamate

answer

Negatively Charged Amino Acids

question

Protenated

answer

At a low pH, ionizable groups of aa tend to be _____

question

deprotenated

answer

At a high pH, ionizable groups of aa tend to be _____

question

majority of species is protenated

answer

pH;pKa

question

majority of species is deprotenated

answer

pH;pKa

question

the pH at which, on average, half of the molecules of a species are deprotenated

answer

pKa

question

Carboxyl group (~2)

answer

pKa 1 of an amino acid

question

Amino group (~9-10)

answer

pKa 2 of glycine

question

-many protons - pH;pKa2=amino group is protenated (+1) -pH;pKa1=carboxy group is protenated (0) -aa is positively charged

answer

Glycine at pH 1

question

zwitterion -pH;pKa1= carboxy group deprotenated (-1) -pH;pKa2=amino group protenated (+1) -neutral molecule

answer

Glycine at Intermediate pH

question

-pH;pKa1= carboxy group deprotenated (-1) -pH;pKa2= amino group deprotenated (0) - -1 charge

answer

Glycine under Basic Conditions

question

When pH of solution is almost equal to pKa of solute

answer

When does the solution during a titration act as a buffer?

question

when the molecule is neutral, very sensitive to pH change

answer

Isoelectric Point

question

pKa2+pKa1/2

answer

Equation of isoelectric Point

question

lower than neutral amino acids -pKa of R group substitutes amino pKa

answer

The pI for acidic amino acids is

question

higher than neutral amino acids -pKa of R group substitutes carboxy pKa

answer

The pI for basic amino acids is

question

COO- --- NH3+

answer

peptide bond

question

condensation/dehydration removes H20 acyl substitution

answer

Peptide Bond Formation

question

chymotrypsin, trypsin specific and cleave at specific points on peptide chain

answer

hydrolytic enzymes

question

Hydrolysis add H to amide N and OH group to carbonyl C

answer

Peptide destruction

question

linear arrangement of amino acids encodes all info needed for folding determined by sequencing

answer

Primary structure of Protein

question

local structure of neighboring amino acids result of H-bonding (alpha helices, Beta Pleated Sheets)

answer

Secondary Structure of Protein

question

rod like structure -side chains of aa point away from helix core

answer

alpha helices

question

parallel or anti-parallel peptide chains forming rows -rippled and pleated -aa point above or below sheet

answer

Beta-pleated sheets

question

rigid structure -kink in a-helix -turns between chains of B sheets

answer

Secondary Structure and Proline

question

structures that resemble long strands and sheets collagen

answer

Fibrous Proteins

question

spherical globin

answer

Globular Proteins

question

3D shape determine by hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between R groups of amino acids -determined by H bonding -determined by acid base interactions between aa with charged R groups

answer

Tertiary Structure

question

when R groups of different aa interact with one another

answer

Salt Bridges in amino acids

question

2 cysteine molecules oxidized-->cystine

answer

Disulfide Bond

question

protein loses tertiary structure

answer

denaturation

question

causes hydrophobic regions to move inward, philic to move outward

answer

Entropy in Tertiary Structures of Proteins

question

H20 cannot bind to R so it must rearrange to maximize H bonding - -S (entropy) -less disorder -non spontaneous

answer

Hydrophobic R groups Dissolve Process

question

H20 binds to R-->increase entropy-->increase disorder -spontaneous

answer

Hydrophilic R groups in Dissolve Process

question

only exist for proteins with 1+ polypeptide chains -functional form of the protein

answer

Quarternary Structure

question

1. increase stability, decrease surface area 2. lower amount of DNA needed to encode protein complex 3. bring catalytic sites together 4. induce cooperativity and allosteric effects

answer

Roles of Quarternary Structure

question

derive part of their function from covalently attached molecules called prosthetic groups

answer

Conjugated Proteins

Biochemistry: Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins – Flashcards

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