question

Cells divide once every how many hours?

answer

24

question

Two phases regulate cell division; What are the these two phases?

answer

S and M

question

What is the name of the gene coined the "guardian of the cell"?

answer

p53

question

What gene sense abnormalities and can induce apoptosis?

answer

p53

question

A mutation in p53 can lead to what?

answer

tumors

question

Wild-type p53 is a good or bad gene?

answer

good

question

What gene does wild-type p53 turns on?

answer

Pic1/p21

question

What does Pic1 bind to?

answer

CdK

question

What is CdK located in?

answer

SPF

question

When Pic1 is bound to its target, what does it inhibit?

answer

kinase function

question

If you inhibit the kinase function on SPF what will you stop?

answer

entry into the S phase

question

If there a large amount of p53 would you expect normal cells or tumor cells?

answer

tumor cells

question

Mutated p53 has a higher or lower degradation rate in comparison to wild-type p53?

answer

lower

question

When there is damage to DNA what two kinases activate p53?

answer

ATM and ATR

question

Normally cells enter S phase via an inactive or active CdK?

answer

active

question

What does active CdK inactivate?

answer

retinoblastoma protein or pRB

question

When pRB is inactive what becomes active?

answer

E2F

question

T or F: Oncogenes are genes that have the potential to cause cancer.

answer

true

question

Are oncogenes produced at high or low levels once mutated?

answer

high

question

T or F: Oncogenes can cause cells designated for apoptosis to proliferate.

answer

true

question

T or F: The terms oncogene and tumor suppressor are synonymous

answer

false

question

Is a proto-oncogene a normal cell or mutated cell?

answer

normal

question

T or F: Proto-oncogenes do no posses the ability to become oncogenes.

answer

false

question

Through nucleotide substitution, RNA polymerase promoter mutations, chromosomal translocations an proto-oncogene can become what?

answer

oncogenes

question

T or F: 90% of human cancers are carcinomas

answer

true

question

How many genetic changes have been identified that contribute to colon carcinoma?

answer

6

question

The human familial predisposition to colon carcinoma has revealed how many genetic markers so far?

answer

2

question

What are the names and chromosomes of the genetic markers associated with the human familial predisposition in colon carcinoma?

answer

fap 5q and hnpcc 2p

question

What does the fap gene code for?

answer

cell adhesion molecules

question

What does the hnpcc gene code for?

answer

DNA repair

question

In most colon carcinomas, what gene is mutated that is associated with chromosome 12p?

answer

RAS

question

What does dcc gene code for?

answer

glycoproteins

question

When do mutation in p53 occur in colon carcinoma in regards to progression? late or early

answer

late

question

Does death rate in colon carcinoma proceed in a linear or non-linear fashion?

answer

non-linear

question

The way in which the death rate proceeds in colon carcinoma leads us to believe that it is what?

answer

multi-step

question

What is another term for neoplastic?

answer

transformed

question

Do cancer cells have larger or smaller nuclei?

answer

larger

question

If a cell appears to be neoplastic would you expect it to be cancerous or normal?

answer

cancerous

question

Which virus contains the src oncogene? ALV, RSV, or EBV

answer

RSV

question

Which virus is slow transforming? ALV, RSV, EBV

answer

ALV

question

Which virus leads to unregulated tyrosine kinase activity? ALV, RSV, EBV

answer

RSV

question

Which virus has an insertion of a large amount of DNA into B cells? ALV, RSV, EBV

answer

EBV

question

Which virus causes Burkett's B cell lymphoma? ALV, RSV, EBV

answer

EBV

question

Which virus alter nuclear oncogenes like myc? ALV, RSV, EBV

answer

ALV

question

Retroviruses contain at least three genes. What are these?

answer

gag, pol, and env

question

Which virus does not usually have an oncogene, but develops upon repeated infections? ALV, RVS, EBV

answer

ALV

question

Altered RNA polymerase promoters can lead to increased, decreased, or both protein production?

answer

both

question

T or F: Chromosomal translocations can lead to leukemia or lymphoma

answer

true

question

T or F: The largest chromosome would be #1 and the smallest #22 (not specifically 22 just a larger number)

answer

true

question

The long arm in chromosomes is the q arm or the p arm?

answer

q

question

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are important in cancer therapy because they are the basis in the pathways involving ____ ______?

answer

cell proliferation

question

VEGF is involved in the formation of what?

answer

blood vessels

question

Avastatin binds to what?

answer

VEGF

question

When avastatin is given would you expect an increase or decrease in the formation of blood vessels?

answer

decrease

question

What does Nexavar inhibit?

answer

RAF kinase

question

T or F: RAF is a serine/threonine kinase

answer

true

question

T or F: Nexavar is a multikinase.

answer

true

question

In the erbB protein structure, the ligand binding domain is inserted or deleted?

answer

deleted

question

In the erbB protein structure, is the cell told to grow in the absence or presence of growth signals?

answer

absence

question

In breast tumors, is HER-2 amplified or decreased?

answer

amplified

question

What does Herceptin do to HER-2 positive tumors? increase or decrease growth

answer

decrease

question

HER-2 assures that cells will grow with a large or small amount of GF present?

answer

small

question

Erbitux binds to what and blocks the ability of these growth factors.

answer

EGF-R

question

Chromosomal translocation of the c-abl proto-oncogene causes what?

answer

CML

question

In CML, the c-abl tyrosine kinase gene on 9q is involved in the reciprocal translocation with what?

answer

22q

question

In CML would you expect to see a larger or smaller chromosome?

answer

smaller

question

Translocation in the Philadelphia chromosome activates or deactivates c-abl tyrosine kinase?

answer

activates

question

Is the Gleevec-tyrosine kinase inhibitor potent?

answer

yes

question

T or F: The Gleevec-tyrosine kinase inhibitor allows most patients to go into remission

answer

true

question

What does the Gleevec-tyrosine kinase inhibit?

answer

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase

question

Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons cause what?

answer

dna mutation

question

DMBA and BP are examples of what?

answer

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

question

Do proliferating agents cause cancer?

answer

no

question

T or F: Proliferating agents only promote cancer growth.

answer

true

question

DAG and TPA are examples of what?

answer

proliferating agents

question

T or F: proliferating agents are mutagens

answer

false

question

Alkylating agents cause what?

answer

point mutations

question

In the ras proto-oncogene, changes to the oncogene occur at what two places?

answer

12 and 61

question

When RAS is bound to GDP is it turned off or on?

answer

off

question

With GAP present, will RAS be able to bind to GTP?

answer

yes

question

T or F: RAS bind to GAP, then GAP binds to GTP

answer

false

question

RAS codon 12 and 61 cause structural changes that inhibit what?

answer

GTPase

question

RAS codon 12 and 61's structural changes will cause the cell to die or proliferate?

answer

proliferate

question

T or F: RAS inhibitors have anti-tumor activity

answer

true

question

T or F: RAS protein must be targeted to the inner surface of the plasma membrane in order to function properly.

answer

true

question

What enzyme targets RAS to the cell membrane?

answer

farnesyl transferase

question

What does a hydrophobic benzodiazepine mimic?

answer

AA dipeptide turn in CAAX

question

Benzodiazpepine is an inhibitor of what?

answer

CAAX

question

What does p53, Wilms, and retinoblastoma protein suppress?

answer

growth of cells

question

Mitogens are compounds that stimulate or inhibit cell division?

answer

stimulate

question

Mutations in tumor suppressors are recessive or dominant?

answer

recessive

question

Mutations in proto-oncogenes are recessive or dominant?

answer

dominant

question

Mutations in Wilms causes what?

answer

pediatric kidney tumor

question

Mutations in retinoblastoma can lead to what?

answer

pediatric eye tumor

question

Which region of p53 is transcriptionally active?

answer

Region 1

question

Mutations associated with p53 are usually what?

answer

point mutations

question

T or F: tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen drug.

answer

true

question

What does tamoxifen bind to?

answer

tumor positive estrogen receptors

question

Both of these accomplish the same goal, but one does NOT promote uterine cancer. Which is it? tamoxifen or raloxifene

answer

raloxifene

question

Tar from tobacco contains numerous what?

answer

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

question

Benzyopyrene is an example of what?

answer

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

question

T or F: fap produces lots of polyps

answer

true

question

Which one of the following involves mutations in DNA repair? fap or hnpcc

answer

hnpcc

question

Which one of the following involves mutations in skeletal cell proteins? fap or hnpcc

answer

fap

question

Mestastizing is involved in the inhibition or spreading of tumors?

answer

spreading

question

Metalloproteinases inhibit what?

answer

mestastizing proteins

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